Anatomy of policy complementarities.

The analysis provides a new explanation for two widespread problems concerning European unemployment policy: the disappointingly small effect of many past reform measures on unemployment, and the political difficulties in implementing more extensive reform programs. We argue that the heart of these problems may be the failure of many European governments to implement broad-based reform strategies. Our analysis suggests that major unemployment policies are characterised by economic complementarities (in the sense that the effectiveness of one policy depends on the implementation of other policies) and political complementarities (in that the ability to gain political consent for one policy depends on the acceptance of other policies). Under these circumstances, incremental, small-scale adjustments of existing policy packages are doomed to failure. Our analysis suggests instead that the European unemployment problem should be tackled through ?broad? reforms that exploit the salient economic and political complementarities among individual policy measures.Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Beschäftigungspolitik; Theorie;

Charging performance of a CO₂ semi-clathrate hydrate based PCM in a lab-scale cold storage system

Cold thermal energy storage aids in the efficient deployment of thermal energy whenever there is a mismatch between energy generation and energy use. In this study, a lab-scale demonstration of cold storage system was built to investigate the performance of CO₂ semi-clathrate hydrate as a cold storage material in the charge of a realistic cold thermal storage. The experimental rig was basically a vessel equipped with an external loop and an ultrasonic crystallizer to boost the hydrate formation. The hydrate was formed from a salt solution composed of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide 20 wt%, tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride 0.25 wt% and sodium decyl sulfate 0.15 wt%. At a constant pressure condition of 5.0 bar, the hydrate formation was triggered by the heat transfer fluid at 7.5 °C. The charged cooling capacity of two control strategies, namely ‘constant pressure’ and ‘constant mass’, were compared. The repeatability and stability of hydrate formation conditions were studied. It was indicated that CO₂ semi-clathrate hydrate could serve in cold storage systems effectively. However, it was also found that under the experimental conditions, hydrate formation was hard to thoroughly complete due to the lack of sufficient driving force or heat/mass transfer

A comparison of battery and phase change coolth storage in a PV cooling system under different climates

Energy storage in PV cooling systems is desirable to supply on-site loads during solar outages. Current storage methods of such systems typically use battery storage to store surplus electricity generated by solar panels or coolth thermal energy storage (CTES) to store excess cooling capacity produced by an electric-driven chiller. This study compares three cooling system configurations – no energy storage, with a battery storage, and with a phase change CTES, for a residential building under the climate of Shanghai, Madrid and Brisbane. System simulation of each configuration was conducted using TRNSYS. A CTES component was programmed externally using effectiveness-NTU method. Both energy storage methods were compared with regard to energy change during a summer day, power consumption and primary energy saving ratio (PESR) during the cooling season. In addition, performance of a single battery and a single CTES were evaluated under various operational conditions. The results showed good energy performance of both storage cases. The PESR of battery case and coolth storage case were 2.8 times and 1.9 times higher than that of a reference case with no energy storage

Health Accounts and Other Welfare Accounts

Gesundheitskosten, Gesundheitsfinanzierung, Health care costs, Health care financing

Anatomy of policy complementarities

The analysis provides a new explanation for two widespread problems concerning European unemployment policy: the disappointingly small effect of many past reform measures on unemployment, and the political difficulties in implementing more extensive reform programs. We argue that the heart of these problems may be the failure of many European governments to implement broad-based reform strategies. Our analysis suggests that major unemployment policies are characterised by economic complementarities (in the sense that the effectiveness of one policy depends on the implementation of other policies) and political complementarities (in that the ability to gain political consent for one policy depends on the acceptance of other policies). Under these circumstances, incremental, small-scale adjustments of existing policy packages are doomed to failure. Our analysis suggests instead that the European unemployment problem should be tackled through ?broad? reforms that exploit the salient economic and political complementarities among individual policy measures

Statistical design study of lunar ceramic

Fabrication of a lunar ceramic was conducted according to a statistically designed experiment. The method of cold pressing was used since the consumption of electrical energy is kept to a minimum (a priority in the lunar environment). This traditional fabrication technique also provides an initial data source on which further investigations can be based. Results obtained from using two percent binder, a cold pressing pressure of 276 MPa, and 24 hours sintering time yielded the greatest compressive strength of 247 MPa. Analysis of each variable's influence on the compressive strength is also presented

Reviews

Successful Instructional Diagrams by Ric Lowe, London, Kogan Page, 1993. ISBN: 0–7494–0711–5

Municipal Handbook (2007)

A comprehensive manual on municipal government in Tennessee

Municipal Handbook 2005

A comprehensive manual on municipal government in Tennessee

Municipal Handbook 2006

A comprehensive manual on municipal government in Tennessee