Discrimination of Nosiheptide Sources with Plasmonic Filters

Bacteria identification plays a vital role in the field of clinical diagnosis, food industry, and environmental monitoring, which is in great demand of point of care detection methods. In this paper, in order to discriminate the source of nosiheptide product, a plasmonic filter was fabricated to filtrate, capture and identify <i>Streptomycete</i> spores with Surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Since the plasmonic filter was derived from self-assembled photonic crystal coated with silver, the plasmonic “hot spots” on the filter surface was distributed evenly in a fare good density and the SERS enhancement factor was 7.49 × 10⁷. With this filter, a stain- and PCR-free detection was realized with only 5 μL sample solution and 5 min in a manner of “filtration and measure”. Comparison to traditional Gram stain method and silver-plated nylon filter membrane, the plasmonic filter showed good sensitivity and efficiency in the discrimination of nosiheptide prepared with chemical and biological methods. It is anticipated that this simple SERS detection method with plasmonic filter has promising potentials in food safety, environmental, or clinical applications

GO analysis of genes neighboring SNPr rich regions.

<p>GO analysis of genes neighboring SNPr rich regions.</p

Statistics of SNPv numbers of different types.

<p>Statistics of SNPv numbers of different types.</p

Salt tolerance index and numbers of SNPv in different varieties.

<p>Salt tolerance index and numbers of SNPv in different varieties.</p

Distribution on the chromosomes of SNPv of eight varieties and chip SNP.

<p>1~4: the salt sensitive varieties: Hengmian3, GK50, Xinyan96-48, ZhongS9612; 5~8: the salt tolerant varieties: CRI35, Zhong9807, CRI 44, Kanghuangwei164; 9: Illumina Cotton SNP 70K Chip.</p

Numbers of methylation reads in SNPv rich region.

<p>Numbers of methylation reads in SNPv rich region.</p

GO analysis of genes containing chip-SNP, SS-SNPv and ST-SNPv.

<p>GO analysis of genes containing chip-SNP, SS-SNPv and ST-SNPv.</p

The possible relation of ROS, DNA methylation, SNPv and SNPr.

<p>The possible relation of ROS, DNA methylation, SNPv and SNPr.</p

Chelation of the Optimal Antifungal Pogostone Analogue with Copper(II) to Explore the Dual Antifungal and Antibacterial Agent

In an ongoing effort to explore more potent antifungal pogostone (Po) analogues, we maintained the previously identified 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone core motif while synthesizing a series of Po analogues with variations in the alkyl side chain. The in vitro bioassay results revealed that compound 21 was the most potent antifungal analogue with an EC50 value of 1.1 μg/mL against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Meanwhile, its Cu(II) complex 34 manifested significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 300 μg/mL compared with 21 (MIC = 700 μg/mL). Complex 34 exhibited a striking preventive effect against S. sclerotiorum and Xcc in rape leaves, with control efficacies of 98.8% (50 μg/mL) and 80.7% (1000 μg/mL), respectively. The 3D-QSAR models generated using Topomer comparative molecular field analysis indicated that a shorter alkyl chain (carbon atom number <8), terminal rings, or electron-deficient groups on the alkyl side chain are beneficial for antifungal potency. Further, bioassay results revealed that the component of 21 in complex 34 dominated the antifungal activity, but the introduction of Cu(II) significantly enhanced its antibacterial activity. The toxicological observations demonstrated that 21 could induce abnormal mitochondrial morphology, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in S. sclerotiorum. The enzyme assay results showed that 21 is a moderate promiscuous inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes II and III. Besides, the introduction of Cu(II) to 34 could promote the disruption of the cell membrane and intracellular proteins and the ROS level in Xcc compared with 21. In summary, these results highlight the potential of 34 as a dual antifungal and antibacterial biocide for controlling rape diseases or as a promising candidate for further optimization

Mining and Analysis of SNP in Response to Salinity Stress in Upland Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) - Fig 5

<p>Locations (a) and distribution (b) of SNPr in different chromosomes. The boxes in Fig 5A are the rich region of SNPr.</p