Variation explained at broad and fine geographical scales.

<p>Compositional variation in graminoid and forb species (% of total deviance [CCA] or variation [RDA]) explained by abiotic and biotic environmental variables, grouped and separately, at the a) regional/among site scale and b) local/within site scale when all sites are part of the same canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Part c) shows parallel results for separate site-wise redundancy analyses (RDA) analyses for each of eleven grassland sites in southern Norway. LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter.</p

Regression slopes and associated p-values (* <i>p</i> < 0.05, · <i>p</i> < 0.1, no symbol = not significant) of relationships between variation in forb and graminoid species composition explained by local abiotic and biotic environmental variables in redundancy analyses (RDA) of local grassland species composition along broad scale temperature and precipitation gradients in southern Norway.

<p>LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter. n = 11.</p><p>Regression slopes and associated p-values (* <i>p</i> < 0.05, · <i>p</i> < 0.1, no symbol = not significant) of relationships between variation in forb and graminoid species composition explained by local abiotic and biotic environmental variables in redundancy analyses (RDA) of local grassland species composition along broad scale temperature and precipitation gradients in southern Norway.</p

Overall ordination of the grid.

<p>Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of measured biotic (green) and abiotic (black) environmental variables and alpine (▲), sub-alpine (●) and boreal (▼) sites along a precipitation gradient (1–4 from light to dark blue, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130205#pone.0130205.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>) in southern Norway. LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter. Eigenvalues axis 1 = 0.472, axis 2 = 0.248, axis 3 = 0.182, axis 4 = 0.137. Only the two first axes are shown.</p

Altitude, annual precipitation, summer temperature, number of plots sampled and mean ± standard deviations of predictor variables at alpine, sub alpine, and boreal grassland sites along precipitation gradients (low [1] to high [4]) in southern Norway.

<p>LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter.</p><p>Altitude, annual precipitation, summer temperature, number of plots sampled and mean ± standard deviations of predictor variables at alpine, sub alpine, and boreal grassland sites along precipitation gradients (low [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130205#pone.0130205.ref001" target="_blank">1</a>] to high [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130205#pone.0130205.ref004" target="_blank">4</a>]) in southern Norway.</p

ANOVA estimates, F- and P-values of the relative proportion of the explained variation accounted for by biotic (vs abiotic) variables in redundancy analyses (RDA) of graminoid and forb species composition in grassland sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in southern Norway.

<p>Temperature and precipitation are expressed factorial variables (three temperature levels: alpine, sub-alpine, boreal, and four precipitation levels 1–4). Functional type (graminoid vs forb) and its interactions were not significant and therefore not included in the final model. n = 22.</p><p>ANOVA estimates, F- and P-values of the relative proportion of the explained variation accounted for by biotic (vs abiotic) variables in redundancy analyses (RDA) of graminoid and forb species composition in grassland sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in southern Norway.</p

Map and study design.

<p>Location of the twelve study sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in the fjord landscape of southern Norway.</p

Within and Between Weighted UniFrac Distances of the Hand Microbiota.

<p>Stratification by Sampling Collection Method (Panel A: Glove-Juice and Swab), DNA Extraction Method (Panel B: Lysozyme and Cocktail), Sequencing Replicates (Panel C: Set #1 and Set #2), Healthcare Workers (Panel D: Within and Between), and Healthcare Workers by Sampling Collection Method (Panel E: Within and Between). Samples obtained from 34 Healthcare Workers at the University of Michigan Surgical Intensive Care Unit, July 5–28, 2011.</p

Number of Raw and Processed Sequencing Reads per Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) Sequencing Run, Using 316 Chips, of 280 Samples of Hand Microbiota from 34 Healthcare Workers at the University of Michigan Surgical Intensive Care Unit, July 5–28, 2011.

<p>Number of Raw and Processed Sequencing Reads per Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) Sequencing Run, Using 316 Chips, of 280 Samples of Hand Microbiota from 34 Healthcare Workers at the University of Michigan Surgical Intensive Care Unit, July 5–28, 2011.</p

Study Design Showing Levels of Comparisons of Hand Microbiota Samples Sent for Sequencing.

<p>Level A shows the comparison of within versus between HCWs (n₁ = 34, n₂ = 34, n₃ = 34); level B shows the comparison of sampling collection methods (n_SW = 102, n_GJ = 102); level C shows the comparison of sequencing replicates (n₁ = 30, n₂ = 30); and, level D shows the comparison of DNA extraction methods (n_C = 10, n_L = 10). Samples obtained from 34 Healthcare Workers at the University of Michigan Surgical Intensive Care Unit, July 5–28, 2011.</p

Relative Abundances of the Top 80% Most Abundant Taxa Detected per Sampling Method.

<p>Sampling methods (Panel A: Glove-Juice; Panel B: Swab) of the Hand Microbiota are obtained from 34 Healthcare Workers at the University of Michigan Surgical Intensive Care Unit, July 5–28, 2011.</p