Behavioural characteristics and association with cervico-vaginal HIV-1 RNA detection (in 482 women at 971 visits) and HIV-1 RNA load.

<p>P-values for regression coefficients calculated using Wald test.</p><p>*Adjusted for PVL as a categorical variable;</p>†<p>Recorded at enrolment;</p>‡<p>Of 30 ulcer swabs taken 19 (63%) had no aetiology, 10 (33%) were HSV-2 and 1 (3%) was syphilis;</p>§<p>White, cream or purulent or malodorous;</p>∥<p>Curdlike, white or purulent.</p

The relationship between cervico-vaginal HIV-1 RNA and HSV DNA among women with both viruses detected.

<p>Samples with visible blood or Y-PCR detected are indicated. Visits with undetectable HIV-1 RNA and HSV DNA were assigned a value of half the threshold of quantification. * This point marks 425 visits where HIV-1 RNA and HSV DNA were both undetectable.</p

Biological characteristics and association with cervico-vaginal HIV-1 RNA detection (in 482 women at 971 visits) and HIV-1 RNA load.

<p>P-values for regression coefficients calculated using Wald test.</p><p>*Adjusted for PVL as a categorical variable;</p>†<p>new RPR positive with titre ≥8 & TPPA/FTA positive or RPR positive with titre ≥8 and previously RPR positive.</p

Behavioural characteristics and association with cervico-vaginal HIV-1 RNA detection (in 482 women at 971 visits) and HIV-1 RNA load.

<p>P-values for regression coefficients calculated using Wald test.</p><p>*Adjusted for PVL as a categorical variable;</p>†<p>Recorded at enrolment.</p

Factors independently associated with cervico-vaginal HIV-1 RNA detection (in 482 women at 967 visits).

<p>*Adjusted for hormonal contraceptive use, ulcers, cervical discharge, cervical ectopy, <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>, <i>C. trachomatis</i>, <i>T. vaginalis</i>, BV, HSV shedding and PVL;</p>†<p>White, cream or purulent.</p

Seasonal structural equation model (SEM) of the interaction between malaria, malnutrition, HIV, rainfall, and time upon iNTS disease.

<p>Numbers are standardised regression coefficients from SEM model fits. Blue lines indicate statistically significant <i>positive</i> relationships; red lines indicate statistically significant <i>negative</i> relationships; grey lines indicate statistically <i>non-</i>significant relationships. The black line indicates a non-directional correlation.</p

Total invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease cases, malaria cases, annual rainfall and nutritional rehabilitation unit (NRU) admissions by year.

<p>*Malaria cases not recorded for Oct, Nov and Dec 2004</p><p>Total invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease cases, malaria cases, annual rainfall and nutritional rehabilitation unit (NRU) admissions by year.</p

Prevalence and incidence of pregnancy, HIV and STIs among eligible women attending at baseline (n = 1020).

<p><b>1.</b> Participants were tested for each incident endpoint at baseline, and at three-monthly intervals during follow-up. Incidence was calculated as the number of new cases divided by the total time in years that participants remained in the study without the incident endpoint of interest. Following standard practice, participants were considered censored at their last recorded study visit.</p><p><b>2.</b> Pregnancy and HIV seropositive status were initial study exclusion criteria. By definition, HIV prevalence was therefore zero among 1020 eligible women at baseline.</p><p><b>3.</b> Incident cases were defined as those who tested positive for both TPPA and RPR for the first time during follow-up and exclude women with active syphilis (TPPA+ and RPR+) at baseline.</p

Factors associated with re-attendance¹ among 771 eligible women attending at three months.

<p><b>1.</b> Attendance was defined on a four–level [0, 1, 2 and 3] ordinal scale as the number of visits made after a second visit at 3 mo (i.e. zero, one, two, or three additional visits) and modelled using ordinal logistic regression. The OR is the estimated odds ratio of ≥k visits vs </p><p><b>2.</b> Odds Ratio adjusted for age.</p><p><b>3.</b> Odds Ratio adjusted for age, clinic site, facility type, partners in past 3 months, travel, and permanence.</p><p><b>4.</b> Test for trend used to assess significance of term in ordinal logistic regression.</p><p><b>5.</b> Travel in the three months preceding the first clinic visit was categorised as: Low (zero nights away from home), Moderate (≥1 night but less than one continuous week away from home) and High (≥1 continuous week away from home on one or more occasions).</p><p><b>6.</b> Permanence of home and workplace location was categorised as: High (lived in the same house and worked at the same facility during the past year); Moderate (lived or worked at the same location for <1 year and moved house no more than once in the previous year); Low (lived or worked at the same location for <1 year and moved house twice or more in the previous year).</p

Re-attendance among women eligible to enrol in a future microbicide trial.

<p><b>1</b> At baseline, there were 1573 attendees. Of these 1156 (73.5%) were HIV negative, 1409 (89.6%) were not pregnant, and 1020 (64.8%) were both HIV negative and not-pregnant and therefore met broad eligibility criteria for enrolment into a future microbicide trial.</p><p><b>2</b> At the 3-month clinic visit, 778/1020 (76.3%) women originally considered eligible for enrolment re-attended; 7/778 women sero-converted between baseline and 3 mo. visits leaving a total of 771 ‘eligible’ women at 3-months.</p><p><b>3</b> Attendance  =  % of all possible follow-up visits that were actually attended.</p