67 research outputs found

    Improving the energy performance of residential buildings: a literature review

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    Promoting energy efficiency improvements of residential buildings is considered to play an important role in achieving the Kyoto targets. That is because it allows us to reduce energy consumption without curtailing social welfare. It is worth noting that there is an increasing amount of literature on this topic that has been published in recent years. This paper therefore provides an updated review of the literature on improving the energy performance of residential buildings. The set of materials obtained has been examined according to the following topics: area of application and design variables, objectives and performance measures, type of analysis, solution methodology, software tools, case study location and type of building. Apart from trends related to the different topics, opportunities for future research are also presented.nrpages: 32status: publishe

    Improving the energy performance of residential buildings : a literature review

    No full text
    Promoting energy efficiency improvements of residential buildings is considered to play an important role in achieving the Kyoto targets. That is because it allows us to reduce energy consumption without curtailing social welfare. It is worth noting that there is an increasing amount of literature on this topic that has been published in recent years. This paper therefore provides an updated review of the literature on improving the energy performance of residential buildings. The set of materials obtained has been examined according to the following topics: area of application and design variables, objectives and performance measures, type of analysis, solution methodology, software tools, case study location and type of building. Apart from trends related to the different topics, opportunities for future research are also presented.status: publishe

    Quenching of excited polyazaaromatic Ru(II) complexes by oxygen. Evidence for an electron transfer process by photoelectrochemical study

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    The possible contribution of an electron transfer process to the quenching of excited Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes by oxygen has been the subject of controversy for many years; the existence of this process is re-examined in this work with new polyazaaromatic complexes and by a photoelectrochemical (PEC) method. The luminescence quenching rate constants kQ by oxygen in acetonitrile for a series of polyazaaromatic complexes with 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene (tap), 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (hat) and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) as ancillary ligand, can clearly be correlated with the oxidation potentials in the excited state. A PEC study of the quenching of Ru(bpy)32+* by oxygen in acidic medium allows determination of the quenching rate constant via the measurements of cathodic photocurrents induced at a transparent SnO2 electrode. These two investigations show that the electron transfer mechanism is certainly involved in the luminescence quenching of these Ru(II) complexes by oxygen and that the energy transfer contribution becomes rather weak for the more reducing excited complexes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Photoaddition of Ru(tap)2(bpy)2+ to DNA: a new mode of covalent attachment of metal complexes to duplex DNA

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    Near-UV or visible light irradiation of Ru(tap)2(bpy)2+ (1) (tap 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene; bpy 2,2'-bipyridyl) in the presence of duplex DNA induces the formation of covalent adducts with guanine. The adduct has been isolated from the photomodified DNA as both its nucleotide and nucleobase derivatives by using a combination of enzymatic and acid hydrolytic procedures in conjunction with HPLC. Characterization by electrospray mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy shows that two isomeric covalent adducts are formed in which the exocyclic amino group of a guanine nucleobase is linked to the C2 or C7 position of one of the tap ligands. It is proposed that the products are generated from the reduced ruthenium complex and the guanine radical cation resulting from photoinduced electron transfer between 1 and guanine.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
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