Univariate and multivariate analysis of OS in LUAD patients.

<p>Univariate and multivariate analysis of OS in LUAD patients.</p

Comparison of the clinicopathological parameters between high and low <i>S100A16</i> expression groups.

<p>Comparison of the clinicopathological parameters between high and low <i>S100A16</i> expression groups.</p

Aberrant <i>S100A16</i> expression might be an independent prognostic indicator of unfavorable survival in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma - Fig 5

<p><b>The correlation between <i>S100A16</i> expression and its DNA methylation in 53 LUAD cell lines.</b> Regression analysis of the correlation between <i>S100A16</i> expression and its DNA methylation in 53 LUAD cell lines. RRBS: Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing.</p

LUAD tissues had significantly elevated <i>S100A16</i> expression compared with normal lung tissues.

<p><b>A-B.</b> Heatmap (A) and plots chart (B) showing <i>S100A16</i> RNA expression in LUAD tissues (N = 514) and in normal lung tissues (N = 59). <b>C-D.</b> S100A16 IHC staining images. C: Normal lung (left) and bronchus (right). D: LUAD tissues. Image credit: Human Protein Atlas. Images were obtained from: <a href="http://v18.proteinatlas.org" target="_blank">v18.proteinatlas.org</a>, via: <a href="http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000188643-S100A16/tissue/lung#img" target="_blank">http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000188643-S100A16/tissue/lung#img</a> <a href="http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000188643-S100A16/tissue/bronchus#img" target="_blank">http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000188643-S100A16/tissue/bronchus#img</a> <a href="http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000188643-S100A16/pathology/tissue/lung+cancer#img" target="_blank">http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000188643-S100A16/pathology/tissue/lung+cancer#img</a>.</p

Aberrant <i>S100A16</i> expression might be an independent prognostic indicator of unfavorable survival in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma - Fig 4

<p><b>The correlation between <i>S100A16</i> expression and its DNA methylation in LUAD tissues</b>. <b>A.</b> Heatmap of the correlation between <i>S100A16</i> expression and its DNA methylation. <b>B-C.</b> Regression analysis of the correlation between <i>S100A16</i> expression and the average methylation of all CpG sites in the array (B) or the selected 8 CpG sites (C).</p

Aberrant <i>S100A16</i> expression might be an independent prognostic indicator of unfavorable survival in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma

<div><p>S100A16 is a conserved member of the S100 protein family in mammals. Its upregulation was observed in many tumors and is related to malignant transformation. In this study, we explored the independent prognostic value of <i>S100A16</i> in terms of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) by performing a retrospective study, using data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Besides, by using deep sequencing data in TCGA-LUAD, we also explored the association between <i>S100A16</i> expression and its DNA methylation and copy number alterations (CNAs). Results showed that the primary LUAD tissues (N = 514) had significantly elevated <i>S100A16</i> expression compared with the normal lung tissues (N = 59). Based on OS data of 502 primary LUAD cases, we found that high <i>S100A16</i> expression was correlated with inferior OS. The following univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that increased <i>S100A16</i> expression was an independent prognostic indicator of unfavorable OS (HR: 1.197, 95%CI: 1.050–1.364, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and RFS (HR: 1.206, 95%CI: 1.045–1.393, <i>p</i> = 0.011). By examining the DNA methylation data in TCGA-LUAD, we found that some <i>S100A16</i> DNA CpG sites were generally hypermethylated in normal tissues, but not in LUAD tissues. Regression analysis identified a moderately negative correlation between <i>S100A16</i> expression and its DNA methylation. In comparison, although DNA amplification (+1/+2) was frequent (378/511, 74%) in LUAD patients, it was not associated with increased <i>S100A16</i> expression. Based on findings above, we infer that aberrant <i>S100A16</i> expression might be modulated by its DNA hypomethylation and serves as an independent prognostic indicator of unfavorable OS and RFS in LUAD.</p></div

The association between <i>S100A16</i> expression and OS and RFS in LUAD patients.

<p><b>A-B.</b> Kaplan-Meier curves of OS (A) and RFS (B) in LUAD patients, by using data from TCGA-LUAD. <b>C-D.</b> Kaplan-Meier curves of OS (C) and FPS (D) in LUAD patients. Results were generated by using Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Patients were grouped by the median <i>S100A6</i> expression.</p

Comparison of <i>S100A16</i> expression between the groups with different clinicopathological parameters.

<p><b>A-C.</b> Plots chart of <i>S100A16</i> expression between the living and dead cases (A), between the cases with or without nodal invasion (B) and between the patients with or without recurrence (C).</p

The association between <i>S100A16</i> expression and its CNAs.

<p><b>A-B.</b> Heatmap (A) and plots chart (B) of <i>S100A16</i> DNA CNAs and its RNA expression. -2: homozygous deletion; -1: heterozygous loss, 0: copy-neutral; +1: low-level copy gain; +2: high-level amplification.</p

Size Effects of Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Selective Oxidation of Glycerol in a Base-Free Condition

Different sized Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes were prepared and then applied in selective oxidation of glycerol in a base-free condition to understand the size effects. It is shown that the turnover frequency of glycerol increases with Pt particle size to a maximum at the mean size of 2.5 nm followed by a decline with a further increase in size, which may be due to strongly adsorbed intermediates blocking Pt active sites for smaller sized Pt catalyst. Moreover, compared with dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde and subsequent glyceric acid (GLYA) are dominating products. In particular, smaller sized Pt catalyst favors the formation of GLYA, which could be related to the stronger oxidation. Unexpectedly, the selectivity of C3 products is insensitive to both Pt particle size and reaction time within 9 h