Influence of static disorder and polaronic band formation on interfacial electron transfer in organic photovoltaic devices

Understanding the interfacial charge-separation mechanism in organic photovoltaics requires, due to its high level of complexity, bridging between chemistry and physics. To elucidate the charge separation mechanism, we present a fully quantum dynamical simulation of a generic one-dimensional Hamiltonian, which physical parameters model prototypical PCBM or $\text{C}_{60}$ acceptor systems. We then provide microscopic evidence of the influence random static and dynamic potentials have on the interfacial charge-injection rate. In particular, we unveil that dynamic potentials, due to strong electron-vibration interactions, can lead to the formation of polaronic bands. Such dynamical potentials, when compared to random static potentials, can provide the main detrimental influence on the efficiency of the process of interfacial charge-separation

Solving Large Extensive-Form Games with Strategy Constraints

Extensive-form games are a common model for multiagent interactions with imperfect information. In two-player zero-sum games, the typical solution concept is a Nash equilibrium over the unconstrained strategy set for each player. In many situations, however, we would like to constrain the set of possible strategies. For example, constraints are a natural way to model limited resources, risk mitigation, safety, consistency with past observations of behavior, or other secondary objectives for an agent. In small games, optimal strategies under linear constraints can be found by solving a linear program; however, state-of-the-art algorithms for solving large games cannot handle general constraints. In this work we introduce a generalized form of Counterfactual Regret Minimization that provably finds optimal strategies under any feasible set of convex constraints. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm for finding strategies that mitigate risk in security games, and for opponent modeling in poker games when given only partial observations of private information.Comment: Appeared in AAAI 201

International real business cycles with endogenous markup variability

The aggregate impact of decisions made at the level of the individual firm has recently attracted a lot of attention in both the macro and trade literatures. We adapt the benchmark international real business cycle model to a game-theoretic environment to add a channel for the strategic interaction among domestic and foreign firms. We show how the sum of strategic pricing decisions made at the level of the individual firm can have significant effects on the volatility and cross country co-movement of GDP and its components. Specifically we show that the addition of this one channel for strategic interaction leads to a significant increase in the cross-country co-movement of production and investment, as well as a significant decrease in the volatility of investment and the trade balance over the benchmark IRBC model.Industrial organization (Economic theory) ; Business cycles - Econometric models ; International finance ; International trade - Econometric models ; Gross domestic product

Optimal monetary policy under financial sector risk

We consider whether or not a central bank should respond directly to financial market conditions when setting monetary policy. Specifically, should a central bank put weight on interbank lending spreads in its Taylor rule policy function? ; Using a model with risk and balance sheet effects in both the real and financial sectors (Davis, "The Adverse Feedback Loop and the Effects of Risk in the both the Real and Financial Sectors" Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper No. 66, November 2010) we find that when the conventional parameters in the Taylor rule (the coefficients on the lagged interest rate, inflation, and the output gap) are optimally chosen, the central bank should not put any weight on endogenous fluctuations in the interbank lending spread. ; However, the central bank should adjust the risk free rate in response to fluctuations in the spread that occur because of exogenous financial shocks, but we find that the central bank should not be too aggressive in its easing policy. Optimal policy calls for a two-thirds of a percentage point cut in the risk free rate in response to a financial shock that causes a one percentage point increase in interbank lending spreads.Business cycles ; Financial markets ; Monetary policy

Infinite generation of non-cocompact lattices on right-angled buildings

Let \Gamma be a non-cocompact lattice on a locally finite regular right-angled building X. We prove that if \Gamma has a strict fundamental domain then \Gamma is not finitely generated. We use the separation properties of subcomplexes of X called tree-walls.Comment: 11 pages, one figure. v2: new example and references in the introduction. To appear in Algebr. Geom. To

Acute Retinal Necrosis: Early Diagnosis is Key to Outcome

• Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN) can have extremely devastating effects on the vision of both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Many times the exact pathogen of ARN can remain a mystery due to its silent and sometimes sudden onset along with the loss of vision prior to vitreal biopsy. One of the known pathogens is the Herpes Zoster Virus (HZV). • When Herpes Zoster Virus attack the retina, there are very devastating effects due to ARN including long term complications and blindness. A review of literature looked at the retrospective studies related to the incidence and prevalence of ARN caused by HZV. With an incidence of 1 case per 1.6 – 2.0 million population per year (Papageorgiou, Ch\u27ng, Kulkarni, Anwar, & Empeslidis, 2014), Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN) can have extremely devastating effects on the vision of both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. A correlation of ARN and HZV might explain the complications and treatments related to herpes zoster of the retina. The results show how multiple healthcare providers can quickly identify and seek specialized treatment to preserve the patient’s eye site. These results indicate that there are more detrimental eye related conditions that are associated with herpes zoster virus than previously thought and how seeking coordinated specialized treatment can minimize the long term complications.https://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1069/thumbnail.jp