Protein Coronas on Gold Nanorods Passivated with Amphiphilic Ligands Affect Cytotoxicity and Cellular Response to Penicillin/Streptomycin

We probe how amphiphilic ligands (ALs) of four different types affect the formation of protein coronas on gold nanorods (NRs) and their impact on cellular response. NRs coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were ligand exchanged with polyoxyethylene[10]cetyl ether, oligofectamine, and phosphatidylserine (PS). Protein coronas from equine serum (ES) were formed on these NR-ALs, and their colloidal stability, as well as cell uptake, proliferation, oxidative stress, and gene expression, were examined. We find that the protein corona that forms and its colloidal stability are affected by AL type and that the cellular response to these NR-AL-coronas (NR-AL-ES) is both ligand and corona dependent. We also find that the presence of common cell culture supplement penicillin/streptomycin can impact the colloidal stability and cellular response of NR-AL and NR-AL-ES, showing that the cell response is not necessarily inert to pen/strep when in the presence of nanoparticles. Although the protein corona is what the cells see, the underlying surface ligands evidently play an important role in shaping and defining the physical characteristics of the corona, which ultimately impacts the cellular response. Further, the results of this study suggest that the cellular behavior toward NR-AL is mediated by not only the type of AL and the protein corona it forms but also its resulting colloidal stability and interaction with cell culture supplements

Identification of novel proteins affected by rotenone in mitochondria of dopaminergic cells-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of novel proteins affected by rotenone in mitochondria of dopaminergic cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/67</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():67-67.</p><p>Published online 16 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000881.</p><p></p>ded onto an 8–16% SDS-PAGE and analyzed by WB with indicated antibodies against marker proteins from mitochondria, cytosol, or nucleus. Antibodies against α-tubulin and nucleolin were used as markers for cytosolic and nuclear fractions, respectively. Antibodies directed against cytochrome C were used as markers for mitochondrial fraction

Identification of novel proteins affected by rotenone in mitochondria of dopaminergic cells-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of novel proteins affected by rotenone in mitochondria of dopaminergic cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/67</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():67-67.</p><p>Published online 16 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000881.</p><p></p>ded onto an 8–16% SDS-PAGE and analyzed by WB with indicated antibodies against marker proteins from mitochondria, cytosol, or nucleus. Antibodies against α-tubulin and nucleolin were used as markers for cytosolic and nuclear fractions, respectively. Antibodies directed against cytochrome C were used as markers for mitochondrial fraction

Identification of novel proteins affected by rotenone in mitochondria of dopaminergic cells-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of novel proteins affected by rotenone in mitochondria of dopaminergic cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/67</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():67-67.</p><p>Published online 16 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000881.</p><p></p>dance changes after rotenone treatment were classified into the following categories: folding degradation stability, metabolism, morphology, respiratory chain, protein synthesis, signaling, transport, miscellaneous, and unknown functions. For a protein with multiple functions, it is assigned to the one that is best known. While this chart reflects the group as a whole, the distribution was the same regardless of response to rotenone. Functional classification of proteins for each of the four groups shown in Table 1 (ASAPRatio = 0, ≥ 2.0, ≤ 0.5, or = 999) resulted in distributions that were not different from each other (χhad P > 0.05 for the four groups)