Release profiles of FITC-dextran, I-125 lysozyme, I-125 VEGF-C and I-125 VEGF-D from binary molecular weight alginate hydrogels.

<p>I-125 VEGF-C and I-125 VEGF-D release was between the release profiles predicted by comparable size I-125 lysozyme and FITC-dextran. Radiolabeled I-125 Lysozyme of nearly equivalent molecular weight to both growth factors experienced slow release from alginate hydrogels (A). FITC-dextran of comparable hydrodynamic radius to VEGF-C and VEGF-D had very fast release from alginate hydrogels (B). Alginate hydrogels provided sustained release of I-125 VEGF-C and displayed a release profile in between I-125 lysozyme and FITC-dextran (C). I-125 VEGF-D also showed sustained release from alginate with a faster release profile than I-125 VEGF-C (D). Data represent mean ± SD (indicated by shaded areas). (A–D, n = 8).</p

VEGF-C and VEGF-D release from alginate hydrogels stimulates new vasculature in an <i>Ex Ovo</i> CAM assay.

<p>Sustained delivery of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-D induced blood vessel formation in a CAM assay. Representative images of the hydrogels placed on the CAMs at 0 h and after 1 day of incubation are shown. Scale bar represents 1 mm (A). Quantified blood vessel development showed that all growth factors resulted in a statistically significant increase in vasculature density (B). On B bar represent mean, scatter dot plots display individual measurements and error bars represent standard deviation. (B, n = 3). Asterisk indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).</p

BLI and PET imaging of transplanted hPBSC.

<p>hPBSC expressing firefly luciferase were transplanted prenatally in the late first trimester <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077148#pone.0077148-Tarantal2" target="_blank">[7]</a>. At ∼3 months postnatal age D-luciferin was injected intravenously and BLI was performed to confirm the anatomical location of transplanted cells, then ⁸⁹Zr-Df-CD45 was injected. Monkey #1 showed a high level of bioluminescence in the abdominal region. Both animals showed strong PET signals on day 5 post-injection of ⁸⁹Zr-Df-CD45 within the liver. The muscular component of the peritoneum (white and yellow arrows) of Monkey #1 showed corresponding BLI and PET signals.</p

Short-term tracking of hPBSC radiolabeled with ⁸⁹Cu-PTSM by PET.

<p>hPBSC were radiolabeled with 20 µCi/mL of ⁶⁴Cu-PTSM. Cells radiolabeled with ⁶⁴Cu-PTSM were detected in the lung (white arrow) and liver (red arrow) on the day of postnatal transplant (day 0). Cells were observed in the liver (red arrow) and spinal column (yellow arrow) 24 h post-injection (day 1).</p

LEC response to VEGF-C and VEGF-D is dependent on dose distributions.

<p>LEC proliferation and sprouting response was found to be dependent on the dose distribution of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. The different dose distributions used for VEGF-C and VEGF-D are shown (A). Proliferation was assessed for various dosages of VEGF-C and VEGF-D over four days (B and C). The number of LECs greatly increased in response to a constant dose distribution of VEGF-C and both a burst and constant dose distribution of VEGF-D after four days. Sprout formation was also observed for different dose distributions of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Scale bar represents 100 <b>μm</b> (D). Sprouting assay similarly showed a significant increase in the number of sprouts for all groups, with the most increase for a constant dose distribution of VEGF-C and a burst dose distribution for VEGF-D after four days (E and F). On B, C, E and F, bar represent mean, scatter dot plots display individual measurements and error bars represent standard deviation. (B & C, n = 5–6; E & F, n = 3). Asterisk indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).</p

⁶⁴Cu-TETA-CD45 radiolabeling of hPBSC.

<p>hPBSC were radiolabeled with 0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 µCi/mL of ⁶⁴Cu-TETA-CD45. No significant changes in cell viability or degree of labeling were observed with increasing concentrations. A decline in cell growth and colony formation was observed when cells were incubated with ⁶⁴Cu-TETA-CD45 at a concentration >20 µCi/mL.</p

Biodistribution patterns of ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC and ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG in normal dogs and dogs with lymphoma (unaffected tissues) prior to chemotherapy treatment.

<p>Mean(±SE) organ:muscle ratios of ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC and ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG at 2 hours post injection (A) and 6 hours post injection (B).Percent injected dose (PID) of ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC and ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG at 2 hours post injection (C) and 6 hours post injection (D). Gastrointestinal tract (GI), mandibular lymph node (MLN), popliteal lymph node (PLN).</p

Blood clearance of ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC and ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG in dogs.

<p>Normal dogs (N1–N3) had higher % injected dose (PID) (A) than those with lymphoma (L1–L5) (B). In B and C, open symbols represent pre-chemotherapy and closed symbols represent post-chemotherapy status. In general ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG had higher blood radioactivity than ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC. (C). Whole body dose of dogs with lymphoma at 1 m declined to background levels by 24 hours after administration. (D). Mean Percent injected dose (PID) of ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC (triangles) and ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG (stars) in blood over time for pre- and post-chemotherapy lymphoma dogs and in normal dogs.</p

Synthesis of LLP2A-HYNIC and LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG.

<p>A. Synthetic approach for LLP2A-HYNIC. B. Synthetic approach of LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG.</p

Imaging of dogs with lymphoma using ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG and ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC.

<p>A. Lateral image of the head at 4 h. Mandibular lymph node activity (arrow) in a dog with lymphoma imaged with ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG. The parotid salivary gland (P) has normal uptake. B. Ventrodorsal projection of the mid-abdomen with head at top of image at 4 h. Renal uptake (white *) in a kidney affected with lymphoma using ^99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC. C. Lateral pre-chemotherapy of the liver (outlined) of the same dog as in A, with head to the left. D. Post chemotherapy, the liver is smaller and has less activity. There is activity visible in the stomach (black *).</p