Appendix A. Estimated cotton aphid abundance (mean +/- SE) on cotton in high-aphid density and low-aphid density experimental treatment groups.

Estimated cotton aphid abundance (mean +/- SE) on cotton in high-aphid density and low-aphid density experimental treatment groups

Appendix C. The relationship between aphid abundance and (a) number of seeds and (b) mass per seed produced by hand cross-pollinated plants under greenhouse conditions. Closed circles are plants in the high aphid density treatment, open circles are plants in the low aphid density treatment.

The relationship between aphid abundance and (a) number of seeds and (b) mass per seed produced by hand cross-pollinated plants under greenhouse conditions. Closed circles are plants in the high aphid density treatment, open circles are plants in the low aphid density treatment

Temporal beta diversity of native bees in reserve (gray boxes) and fragment plots (white boxes).

<p>Beta diversity was calculated as the multivariate dispersion of abundance-weighted bee assemblages in distinct temporal samples within each study plot. Boxes, whiskers, and asterisks are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184136#pone.0184136.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p

Hypothetical scenarios of disturbance impacting temporal gamma, alpha, and beta diversity of an assemblage.

<p>Each symbol represents a distinct taxon; α_t represents taxon richness at discrete time points (t1-3), β_t represents the turnover of taxa between time points, and γ_t represents taxon richness summed across time points.</p

Temporal gamma diversity of native bees in reserve (gray boxes) and fragment plots (white boxes).

<p>Box and whisker plots show (A) rarefied species richness, (B) logit-transformed rarefied assemblage evenness (Pielou’s <i>J</i>), (C) logit-transformed proportion of individuals belonging to generalist species, and (D) cube root-transformed average number of bees collected per temporal sample. Boxes show central 50% of data and median; whiskers show quantiles ± interquartile range × 1.5, or most extreme values of data, whichever is closest to median; and circles denote outliers. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005.</p

Temporal alpha diversity of native bees in reserve and fragment plots in 2011 (A-D) and 2012 (E-H).

<p>Scatterplots show (A,E) rarefied species richness, (B,F) logit-transformed rarefied assemblage evenness (Pielou’s <i>J</i>), (C,G) logit-transformed proportions of individuals belonging to generalist species, and (D,H) cube root-transformed number of bees collected per temporal sample. All plots show regression lines to visualize data trends. Significant main effects and interactions from linear mixed-effects models are indicated on each graph: T = treatment, S = temporal sample. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005.</p

Electronic Supplementary Material S1 from The worldwide importance of honeybees as pollinators in natural habitats

Plant-pollinator interaction networks and single-visit pollination effectiveness data included in this stud

Appendix A. ANOVA results for observations of Argentine ant patrolling and food gathering.

ANOVA results for observations of Argentine ant patrolling and food gathering

Electronic Supplementary Material S2-S5 from The worldwide importance of honeybees as pollinators in natural habitats

Supplementary figures, tables, and tex

The mean (± SE) percent fat mass workers supplemented carbohydrates (gray bars) and/or amino acids (dashed lines) to their diet.

<p>There was no significant effect of carbohydrates (ANCOVA, <i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>, <i>23</i>} = 0.03, <i>p</i> = 0.86), amino acids (<i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>, <i>21</i>} = 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.93), or their interaction (<i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>, <i>24</i>} = 0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.76) on worker fat mass.</p