An analytic model of plasma-neutral coupling in the heliosphere plasma

We have developed an analytic model to describe coupling of plasma and neutral fluids in the partially ionized heliosphere plasma medium. The sources employed in our analytic model are based on a $\kappa$-distribution as opposed to the Maxwellian distribution function. Our model uses the $\kappa$-distribution to analytically model the energetic neutral atoms that result in the heliosphere partially ionized plasma from charge exchange with the protons and subsequently produce a long tail which is otherwise not describable by the Maxwellian distribution. We present our analytic formulation and describe major differences in the sources emerging from these two distinct distributions.Comment: This paper has been accepted in Journal of Plasma Physics. It is in pres

Nonlinear Phenomena of Ultracold Atomic Gases in Optical Lattices: Emergence of Novel Features in Extended States

The system of a cold atomic gas in an optical lattice is governed by two factors: nonlinearity originating from the interparticle interaction, and the periodicity of the system set by the lattice. The high level of controllability associated with such an arrangement allows for the study of the competition and interplay between these two, and gives rise to a whole range of interesting and rich nonlinear effects. This review covers the basic idea and overview of such nonlinear phenomena, especially those corresponding to extended states. This includes "swallowtail" loop structures of the energy band, Bloch states with multiple periodicity, and those in "nonlinear lattices", i.e., systems with the nonlinear interaction term itself being a periodic function in space.Comment: 39 pages, 21 figures; review article to be published in a Special Issue of Entropy on "Non-Linear Lattice

Power Corrections to Fragmentation Functions in Non-Singlet Deep Inelastic Scattering

We investigate the power-suppressed corrections to the fragmentation functions of the current jet in non-singlet deep inelastic lepton-hadron scattering. The current jet is defined by selecting final-state particles in the current hemisphere in the Breit frame of reference. Our method is based on an analysis of one-loop Feynman graphs containing a massive gluon, which is equivalent to the evaluation of leading infrared renormalon contributions. We find that the leading corrections are proportional to $1/Q^2$, as in $e^+e^-$ annihilation, but their functional forms are different. We give quantitative estimates based on the hypothesis of universal low-energy behaviour of the strong coupling.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX2e, uses JHEP.cls (included) and epsfi

Small manufacturing plants, pollution, and poverty : new evidence from Brazil and Mexico

The authors use new data from Brazil and Mexico to analyze relationships linking economic development, the size distribution of manufacturing plants, and exposure to industrial pollution. For lack of data, prior work in this field has been limited largely to water pollution and medium-size plants. This study examines air pollution and encompasses small plants (with 1 to 20 employees) as well as medium-size and large plants. Four main questions are addressed (with answers from plant-level data): a) Are small plants more pollution-intensive than large facilities? Clearly, yes. b) Are there proportionately more small plants in low-income regions? The answer is yes, in thousands of Brazilian municipalities. Small plants dominate poor regions and are a relatively low source of employment in high-income areas. c) Is industry more pollution-intensive in low-income regions? In Brazil, yes. For each municipality, the authors estimate the share of the six most pollution-intensive ("dirty") sectors in total industrial activity. They find that the dirty-sector share declines continuously with increases in municipality income per capita. d) Do poor areas suffer more than wealthy areas from industrial air pollution? Paradoxically, no. The risk of mortality from industrial air pollution is much higher in the top two income deciles among Brazil's municipalities and the great majority of projected deaths is attributable to emissions from large plants.The scale of large-plant emissions dominates all other factors. Lower-income areas suffer much less from industrial air pollution in Brazil, despite the greater emissions-intensity of smaller plants and the prevalence of smaller plants in lower income areas.Water and Industry,Environmental Economics&Policies,Sanitation and Sewerage,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Sanitation and Sewerage,TF030632-DANISH CTF - FY05 (DAC PART COUNTRIES GNP PER CAPITA BELOW USD 2,500/AL

Measuring Visual Complexity of Cluster-Based Visualizations

Handling visual complexity is a challenging problem in visualization owing to the subjectiveness of its definition and the difficulty in devising generalizable quantitative metrics. In this paper we address this challenge by measuring the visual complexity of two common forms of cluster-based visualizations: scatter plots and parallel coordinatess. We conceptualize visual complexity as a form of visual uncertainty, which is a measure of the degree of difficulty for humans to interpret a visual representation correctly. We propose an algorithm for estimating visual complexity for the aforementioned visualizations using Allen's interval algebra. We first establish a set of primitive 2-cluster cases in scatter plots and another set for parallel coordinatess based on symmetric isomorphism. We confirm that both are the minimal sets and verify the correctness of their members computationally. We score the uncertainty of each primitive case based on its topological properties, including the existence of overlapping regions, splitting regions and meeting points or edges. We compare a few optional scoring schemes against a set of subjective scores by humans, and identify the one that is the most consistent with the subjective scores. Finally, we extend the 2-cluster measure to k-cluster measure as a general purpose estimator of visual complexity for these two forms of cluster-based visualization