Volume growth on manifolds with more than one end

The volume growth function of a Riemannian manifold of bounded geometry is a function having bounded growth of derivative, called a bgd-function. Grimaldi and Pansu showed that any one-ended manifold of finite type admits a metric of bounded geometry such that the volume growth function has the growth type of any given bgd-function. In the case of infinite type, this holds for any superlinear bgd-function. We generalize this result to manifolds with finitely many ends and show that a manifold with infinitely many ends does not admit a metric with some bgd-functions as volume growth, including polynomials. We also prove that on certain manifolds with countably many ends, there exist metrics such that the volume growth functions have a growth type arbitrarily close to that of any predetermined bgd-function.Comment: 13 page

Enzymatic Trans-esterification of Phospholipids to Aceto-phospholipid: A Good Surface Active Emulsifier and the Role of Phospholipid in Drug Delivery System

Aceto-phospholipids were prepared enzymatically by incorporating the acetate group at sn-1 or sn-2 position with out acetylating the amine group of phospholipids. There are a sharp change in surface properties after acetylation. At the same time the emulsifying properties of aceto-phospholipids is also remarkable than original soy phospholipids. We have got the separate droplet size distribution pattern of water in oil type of emulsion in presence of different aceto phospholipids compare to original soy phospholipids. The emulsification properties of newly prepared aceto-phospholipids were explained from the HLB values. The biological activities of the aceto-phospholipid were also highlighted here using some reported articles

Voices of dissent in the poetry of Imtiaz Dharker

Feminism as a movement acquired momentum in the last century. Feminist theorists from all corners of the world have put forward their views and ideologies to analyse and interpret the rights and duties, the laws and regulations which are exclusive to women. They have discussed, debated and deliberated on sundry affairs concerned with a woman, right from domestic drudgery to her involvement in official engagements, from cultural taboos inflicted on her as a girl in childhood to her perils even in old age, from puberty to post-menopause stage in her life. The heat of feminist discourse has hit contemporary Indian women poets writing in English, and therefore they have documented their perspectives through poetry leaving poignant impressions in the readers’ minds. This article is an evaluative approach to explore the impact of culture and religion, mostly Islam and partly Hinduism in different aspects of women’s lives. Her poems exhibit how the dictates of religious authority and tradition wipe away equality, compassion, and humanity and stifle a woman’s life to denigrate her personality to such an extent that she is rendered into self-depreciative non-entity in her own vision