333 research outputs found
A Generalized LMI Formulation for Input-Output Analysis of Linear Systems of ODEs Coupled with PDEs
In this paper, we consider input-output properties of linear systems
consisting of PDEs on a finite domain coupled with ODEs through the boundary
conditions of the PDE. This framework can be used to represent e.g. a lumped
mass fixed to a beam or a system with delay. This work generalizes the
sufficiency proof of the KYP Lemma for ODEs to coupled ODE-PDE systems using a
recently developed concept of fundamental state and the associated
boundary-condition-free representation. The conditions of the generalized KYP
are tested using the PQRS positive matrix parameterization of operators
resulting in a finite-dimensional LMI, feasibility of which implies prima facie
provable passivity or L2-gain of the system. No discretization or approximation
is involved at any step and we use numerical examples to demonstrate that the
bounds obtained are not conservative in any significant sense and that
computational complexity is lower than existing methods involving
finite-dimensional projection of PDEs
Development of A Unique Protocol for the Production of Doubled Haploids in Hot Pepper
Hot pepper ranks seventh among the most produced vegetables in the world. This crop is famous for its color and pungency. Hot pepper contains many important phytonutrients that enable it to fight against cancer. Conventional breeding in Hot Pepper is labor-consuming and a long-term process. This can be overcome by using novel approaches, such as, in vitro doubled haploid plant production. This method not only accelerate breeding programs but also facilitates recovery of recessive mutations. There are many articles published on doubled haploid development in Capsicum annuum; it reports both anther culture and shed-microspore culture methods, but both these methods require either subculture of anthers or the addition of new media, which makes both protocols laborious. The present study aims to develop a single-step direct embryogenesis protocol to produce doubled haploids in Capsicum annuum. We analyzed effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis on ten Hot pepper genotypes with six media combinations including shed-microspore culture protocol (Supena et.al 2006) and two-step anther culture protocol (Dumas de vaulx et.al 1981 and Para-Vega et.al 2016). Among six, one media combination responded very well to single-step direct embryogenesis compared to other protocols with more than 20 % plant regeneration frequency. We observed an average embryogenesis of 7.53% and plant regeneration frequency of 3.81%. We achieved a survival index of 97.61% after acclimatization of plants in the polyhouse. The results of these experiments show that, one-step direct embryogenesis can be achieved with unique combination of plant growth regulators
Diffusion Tensor Imaging as a novel technique in early detection of cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Introduction: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced MR imaging technique which helps in early detection of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Decompressive surgery performed during early stages of the disease was reported to be more successful when compared with later stages. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in early stages of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and to aid in better surgical outcome. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included 25 patients with clinical diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent routine MRI of the cervical spine. Conventional MRI sequences along with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed. Quantitative fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were compared at stenotic and nonstenotic segments. Results: A statistically significant difference in mean FA and ADC values were seen at stenotic and nonstenotic segments. In the most stenotic segments, the mean FA value was 0.415 ± 0.203 and in the nonstenotic segment, the mean FA value was 0.717 ± 0.160, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean ADC value in the most stenotic segments was 1.777 ± 1.005 x 10-3 mm2/s and that of the nonstenotic segments was 1.010 ± 0.458 x 10-3 mm2/s. The difference in the mean ADC value was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along with conventional MRI sequences enables early detection of the disease and helps in appropriate timing of surgery.
Keywords: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA)
Track clustering with a quantum annealer for primary vertex reconstruction at hadron colliders
Clustering of charged particle tracks along the beam axis is the first step
in reconstructing the positions of hadronic interactions, also known as primary
vertices, at hadron collider experiments. We use a 2036 qubit D-Wave quantum
annealer to perform track clustering in a limited capacity on artificial events
where the positions of primary vertices and tracks resemble those measured by
the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The
algorithm, which is not a classical-quantum hybrid but relies entirely on
quantum annealing, is tested on a variety of event topologies from 2 primary
vertices and 10 tracks up to 5 primary vertices and 15 tracks. It is
benchmarked against simulated annealing executed on a commercial CPU
constrained to the same processor time per anneal as time in the physical
annealer, and performance is found to be comparable for small numbers of
vertices with an intriguing advantage noted for 2 vertices and 16 tracks
Development of a Unique Protocol for The Production of Doubled Haploids in Hot Pepper
Hot pepper ranks seventh among the most produced vegetables in the world. This crop is famous for its color and pungency. Hot pepper contains many important phytonutrients that enable it to fight against cancer. Conventional breeding in Hot Pepper is labor-consuming and a long-term process. This can be overcome by using novel approaches, such as, in vitro doubled haploid plant production. This method not only accelerate breeding programs but also facilitates recovery of recessive mutations. There are many articles published on doubled haploid development in Capsicum annuum; it reports both anther culture and shed-microspore culture methods, but both these methods require either subculture of anthers or the addition of new media, which makes both protocols laborious. The present study aims to develop a single-step direct embryogenesis protocol to produce doubled haploids in Capsicum annuum. We analyzed effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis on ten Hot pepper genotypes with six media combinations including shed-microspore culture protocol (Supena et.al 2006) and two-step anther culture protocol (Dumas de vaulx et.al 1981 and Para-Vega et.al 2016). Among six, one media combination responded very well to single-step direct embryogenesis compared to other protocols with more than 20 % plant regeneration frequency. We observed an average embryogenesis of 7.53% and plant regeneration frequency of 3.81%. We achieved a survival index of 97.61% after acclimatization of plants in the polyhouse. The results of these experiments show that, one-step direct embryogenesis can be achieved with unique combination of plant growth regulators
Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for MANET Based on Vague Set Measurement Technique
AbstractMANET is a collection of mobile nodes that are moving dynamically due to infrastructure-less property. The topology of MANET changes very frequently. Every mobile node is powered by a battery with insufficient capacity and due to this reason sometime nodes are failing to transmit a data packet from source to destination. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient routing protocol for MANET using vague set measurement technique. The basic idea of this proposed protocol is to select an energy efficient route based on vague set measurement technique. Vague set measurement technique mainly used interval-based membership where each parameter such as energy and distance is used as an element of vague set. Therefore, this approach helps to determine the energy efficient route. Based on different survey, this is the first research attempt to energy efficient routing using vague set. Based on the simulation of the proposed protocol using NS2 and comparative study with other existing protocol, it is observed that proposed routing protocol contributes to the performance expansion in terms of energy efficiency
Mean-Field Study of Normal Metal-Quantum Dot-Superconductor System in the Presence of External Magnetic Field
In this paper, we have analyzed the spectral and transport properties of a
weakly correlated single-level quantum dot hybridized with one normal
conducting and another Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconducting lead
(N-QD-S system) in the presence of an external magnetic field. We have employed
Green's function equation of motion (EOM) approach within a self-consistent
Hartree-Fock (HF) mean-field approximation to analyze the Hamiltonian. We
studied the effect of on-dot Coulomb correlation and an external magnetic field
on the sub-gap Andreev levels of a quantum dot, strongly coupled to a
conventional s-wave superconductor as a function of impurity parameters. We
have shown that for a finite magnetic field, the Andreev bound states (ABSs)
split into a spin-up and spin-down contribution (i.e. Zeeman splitting) and
cross the Fermi energy level, resulting in a quantum phase transition, which is
an indication of a change in the fermion parity of the ground state. Further,
within the non-linear regime, we discuss the total electrical conductance for
various values of Zeeman energy and on-dot Coulomb interactions. We have
compared our results with the existing experimental and theoretical results.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Extension of the Partial Integral Equation Representation to GPDE Input-Output Systems
Partial Integral Equations (PIEs) are an alternative way to model systems
governed by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). PIEs have certain advantages
over PDEs in that they are defined by integral (not differential) operators and
do not include boundary conditions or continuity constraints on the solution --
a convenience when computing system properties, designing controllers, or
performing simulation. In prior work, PIE representations were proposed for a
limited class of -order PDEs in a single spatial variable. In this
paper, we extend the PIE representation to a more general class of PDE systems
including, e.g., higher-order spatial derivatives (-order), PDEs with
inputs and outputs, PDEs coupled with ODEs, PDEs with distributed input and
boundary effects, and boundary conditions which combine boundary values with
inputs and integrals of the state.
These extensions are presented in a unified way by first proposing a unified
parameterization of PDE systems, which we refer to as a Generalized PDE (GPDE).
Given a PDE system in GPDE form, we next propose formulae that takes the GPDE
parameters and constructs the Partial Integral (PI) operators that are used to
define a PIE system. This formula includes a unitary (and hence invertible) map
that converts solutions of the PIE to solutions of the GPDE. This unitary map
is then used to show that the original GPDE and PIE have equivalent system
properties, including well-posedness and stability. These representations,
conversions, and mappings are illustrated through several diverse examples,
including beams, mixing problems, entropy modeling, wave equations, etc.
Finally, we illustrate the significance of the PIE representation by solving
analysis, simulation, and control problems for several representative PDE
systems
A Tutorial and Future Research for Building a Blockchain-Based Secure Communication Scheme for Internet of Intelligent Things
The Internet of Intelligent Things (IoIT) communication environment can be utilized in various types of applications (for example, intelligent battlefields, smart healthcare systems, the industrial internet, home automation, and many more). Communications that happen in such environments can have different types of security and privacy issues, which can be resolved through the utilization of blockchain. In this paper, we propose a tutorial that aims in desiging a generalized blockchain-based secure authentication key management scheme for the IoIT environment. Moreover, some issues with using blockchain for a communication environment are discussed as future research directions. The details of different types of blockchain are also provided. Some of the widely-accepted consensus algorithms are then discussed. Next, we discuss different types of applications in blockchain-based IoIT communication environments. The details of the associated system models are provided, such as, the network and attack models for the blockchain-based IoIT communication environment, which are helpful in designing a security protocol for such an environment. A practical demonstration of the proposed generalized scheme is provided in order to measure the impact of the scheme on the performance of the essential parameters. Finally, some of the future research challenges in the blockchain-based IoIT communication environment are highlighted, which will also be helpful to the researchers
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