Evolution of Viral Load and CD4+ T Cell Counts during STI

<div><p>(A) Survival curves of time to virologic failure during the first three supervised treatment interruptions. Virologic failure was defined as having a viral load of greater than 5,000 copies RNA/ml plasma for 3 wk or greater than 50,000 copies once. Patients still achieving viral control at the last visit and individuals restarting therapy without meeting criteria or lost in follow-up are censored at the last evaluable time point. The horizontal axis represents the time off therapy since the beginning of the treatment interruption, the vertical axis corresponds to the number of patients maintaining control of viremia. The curves for first, second, and third STIs do not differ significantly from each other (log-rank test, <i>p ></i> 0.05).</p> <p>(B) Evolution of CD4+ T cell counts during the longest treatment interruption. Slopes of CD4+ T cell counts during the first year of the longest treatment interruption are shown for patients who experienced a cessation of therapy of at least 12 mo (all except AC13, AC25, and AC45), compared to the natural decline of CD4+ T cell counts in untreated patients of the MACS cohort with early chronic HIV-1 infection (CD4+ counts of >350 cells/mm³). CD4+ T cell losses were calculated on a regression line based on least squares fit. The two groups differed significantly from each other (Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, <i>p =</i> 0.02).</p> <p>(C) CD4+ T cell count at intercept and CD4+ T cell slopes during the longest treatment interruption. The CD4+ T cell slopes of the same 11 patients shown in (B) and of untreated patients of the MACS cohort are represented according to the CD4+ T cell count at the intercept of the regression line based on least squares fit with the vertical axis (day 0 of treatment interruption).</p></div

HIV-1 Viral Loads and CD4+ T Cell Counts in the 14 Study Participants

<p>Time zero corresponds to first institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Closed squares, HIV-1 plasma viral loads; open circles, CD4+ T cell counts; shaded areas, treatment with HAART according to protocol; diagonally shaded areas, patient restarted therapy without meeting criteria of virological failure; vertical dotted lines, virological failure without reinstitution of HAART. Patients are ordered by increasing number of supervised treatment interruptions.</p

Evolution of HIV-1-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses during STI

<div><p>(A–D) Magnitude and breadth of increase of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells during supervised treatment interruptions.</p> <p>(A and B) Magnitude (A) and breadth (B) of HIV-specific CD8+ responses at the first day of treatment interruption (black bars) and at the last day off therapy (white bars). Data represent the mean and standard deviation.</p> <p>(C and D) Correlation between the increase of the magnitude (C) or breadth (D) of CD8+ T cell responses and the time off therapy during the first treatment interruption.</p> <p>(E and F) Evolution of CD4+ T helper cell responses during supervised treatment interruptions.</p> <p>(E) Magnitude of CD4 T helper cell responses at baseline and at the first day of treatment interruption (closed circles) and last day off therapy (open circles). Horizontal bars correspond to median values. An stimulation index greater than five was considered significant.</p> <p>(F) Correlation between the magnitude of p24-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses at the beginning of the first treatment interruption and the time patients were able to remain off therapy during the subsequent STI.</p></div