EVALUASI RESIKO APLIKASI IKAN TRANSGENIK DALAM KEGIATAN BUDIDAYA

There are many problematic issues challenging the success of fish farming. In particular, the very intensive, monocultural nature of fish farming raises some fundamental questions about the sustainability of this type of farming. Using genetically modified organisms (GMO) for fish cultivation is one of those to help the farmer to increase the production. By focusing on "technological and management improvements" to maximize economic growth, genetically engineered (GE) food pushes the ecological and social systems to accept the logic, time scale, and control of global capitalist markets and their corporate captains. But all over the globe, industrial-style fish farming with GMO or GE development is threatening native fish and their habitats. There are also significant concerns relating to farmed fishes (including eggs) escaping into the natural environment competing with wild fish species for food and also possibly endangering wild other (fish) populations and genetic variation. But if transgenic fish are adequately contained, they will pose little risk to native population. Prevent the escape of transgenic fish and sterilization is also developed to decrease the risk. Nowadays, we just need a perspective that recognizes that the health value of fish for humans depends on the health system in which they are raised. The sustainable wild fishing practices and the establishment of organic standards for aquaculture could provide healthy fish far into the futur

PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK KUNYIT DAN BAWANG PUTIH SEBAGAI NUTRISI TAMBAHAN ALAMI PADA PAKAN DAN APLIKASINYA TERHADAP BENIH IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus)

Nowadays, the chemical ingredients of several additional foods had known as carcinogenic materials. To avoid that, some kind of natural materials are used to be an alternative which it safe and had a lot of important function because of their bioactive essences. Some of them are curcuma ginger and union. This research is done to prove the advantages of using natural additional nutrition from curcuma ginger and union’s essences for African catfish growth performance. The survival and growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings fed with natural additional nutrition from curcuma ginger and union’s essences raising better than normally nursery. After 45 days rearing period, the percentage fingerling survival for the treatment is 98.33% better than control that only 86.67%. Fingerlings with treatment had the greatest average daily growth, mean body weight, and final average length and was significantly different (p<0.05) from control. Beside of that, the treatment with additional nutrition has undirectly effect to water balance system. This treatment could stabilize the water pH on rearing aquarium

PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN SUSULAN TERHADAP KUALITAS MEDIA DAN PROSES BUDIDAYA UDANG VANNAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei) PADA TAMBAK TRADISIONAL PLU

White leg shrimp is one of 110 Penaeid species which have more profitable chances to cultivate. These shrimp could produce 10 – 20 tons per Ha compare with tiger prawn that only produce 2 – 5 tons per Ha. White leg shrimp could be harvested less than 120 days, and it more resist to the disease, not only that, the other advantages of these shrimp was its habit that live at all over the teritorial of the media so that it can be cultivate with higher density. The optimal result or product from brackishwater pond cultivation is according to how the technical nursery was done. Water quality was the most important point that must be checked and controled to gain the optimal production. The following fertilization was an alternative way to stabilize the water quality especially in traditional pond. This manner could make the bio-organism such as fitoplankton and benthos as white leg shrimp’s natural food grow continously. The study was done with four different doses of the following fertilization (2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, and 10% from forward fertilization). After 86 days rearing period, the best following fertilization shown with the dose 5% from forward fertilization. Water quality such pH, ammonium, sulfic acid and dissolved oxygen with this manner reached the best condition and significantly different from the other (p<0,05 for dissolved oxygen and sulfic acid; and p<0,01 for pH and ammonium). In spite of the water quality, the pond with 5% following fertilization got the best result of harvesting. This manner had the greatest biomass, and average body weight and was high significantly different from the other (p<0,01) The survival rate was got the highest mark although its not significantly different from the test (74,147%) and so as the average daily growth (0,194 gr per day)

PEMANFAATAN RUANG MEDIA BUDIDAYA KERAMBA JARING APUNG MELALUI POLIKULTUR IKAN KERAPU (Serranidae), IKAN KUWE (Carangidae), DAN IKAN NAPOLEON (Cheilinus undulatus)

Commonly, the problem of using floating net cage is how to cultivate the commodity in limited space with high density to gain the maximum production. This study was therefore designed to answer that question. The habit of fishes which it live at the different space at water territorial such as demersal, pelagic, and benthic fishes was used in this research. The space usement for polyculture was done according to the fishes habit which its live at the different water territorial. Economical potent of the cultured fishes was also attended to get the profit from this business. According to the statement, the fishes used in this research was trevally (demersal), grouper (benthic), and napoleon wrasse (pelagic). The water space usement of floating net cage brought the positive things. The cultivated fishes growth with no problem such as the normally cultivation in a single space of floating net cage. The food is used optimally, shown with the food convertion ratio 5,13 : 1. The water space usement at this research not make some problem called competition in space usement and feeding either. Polyculture made the usement of floating net cage more efficient. The cultivation that normally used three places was minimized to became a single place. This manner also decreasing the time and the energy of the cultivator for feeding and nursering

Zoonosis : Infeksi penyakit ikan terhadap manusia akibat kesalahan manajemen dan penanganan ikan maupun produk olahannya

Fish pathogens cause disease in many species of freshwater and marine fish; however, relatively few fish pathogens were known to be zoonotic or causing disease in humans. Zoonotic disease transmission from animals primarily through direct contact, direct contact with vectors and contaminated media, oral ingestion or inhalation of aerosols. Several bacterial pathogens among the potential zoonotic can be found in association with aquatic animals. Aquatic animals live in a wide range of conditions, thereby in fuencing the particular bacterial species that are associated with certain species. Aeromonas spp.; for example, is more commonly associated with freshwater species, whereas Vibrio spp. is generally associated with marine species of aquatic organisms. The most important of the helminths acquired by human from fish were herring worms (Anisakis species) or cod worms (Pseudoterranova decipiens), Diphyllobothrium latum, Paragonimus westermani, liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis and Opistorchis viverrini), intestinal worms (family Heterophyidae and family Echinostomatidae), Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Spirometra erinacei-europaei (tapeworm) and Gnathostoma spp. (nematodes). All of the parasites mentioned above were associated with social-cultural and behavioural factors, in particular the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, while the risk to human of contracting infection from fish pathogens was generally low. There were some cases of zoonoses that cause fatal consequences, such as paralysis or even death. Awareness against potential risks is important for fishery managers, anglers, and commercial fishermen