sj-docx-1-pom-10.1177_03057356241238004 – Supplemental material for Charity begins with prosocial music: Musical differences in intertemporal prosocial discounting and generosity

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pom-10.1177_03057356241238004 for Charity begins with prosocial music: Musical differences in intertemporal prosocial discounting and generosity by Mei Hong, Dapeng Liang and Teng Lu in Psychology of Music</p

Direct Determination of Creatinine in Urine and Analysis of Pure Aniline by Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

<div><p>The direct mass spectrometric determination of highly concentrated analytes in human urine was demonstrated using extractive electrospray ionization without sample dilution or complex preparation. By increasing the distance between the extractive electrospray source and ion inlet of the mass spectrometer from 5 millimeters to 15 centimeters, the fraction of free analyte ions and charged microdroplets introduced into the mass spectrometer was substantially reduced. Consequently, detector saturation, instrument contamination, and space charge effects were greatly diminished for the analysis of highly concentrated samples. Under the optimized experimental conditions, pure aniline and creatinine (>1 millimolar) in human urine were directly characterized by extractive electrospray ionization without any pretreatment. The urinary creatinine concentrations from two adults were 424 ± 30 and 635 ± 32 micrograms per milliliter and were in good agreement with those obtained by a spectrophotometric method based on the Jaffe reaction. The results show that extractive electrospray ionization is suitable for the direct determination of highly concentrated analytes or even pure compounds, allowing rapid characterization of samples in the chemical industry and clinical studies.</p></div

Concerted Perturbation Observed in a Hub Network in Alzheimer’s Disease

<div><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the alteration of gene expression at the whole genome level. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of AD has been conducted by many groups on several relevant brain regions. However, identifying the most critical dys-regulated genes has been challenging. In this work, we addressed this issue by deriving critical genes from perturbed subnetworks. Using a recent microarray dataset on six brain regions, we applied a heaviest induced subgraph algorithm with a modular scoring function to reveal the significantly perturbed subnetwork in each brain region. These perturbed subnetworks were found to be significantly overlapped with each other. Furthermore, the hub genes from these perturbed subnetworks formed a connected hub network consisting of 136 genes. Comparison between AD and several related diseases demonstrated that the hub network was robustly and specifically perturbed in AD. In addition, strong correlation between the expression level of these hub genes and indicators of AD severity suggested that this hub network can partially reflect AD progression. More importantly, this hub network reflected the adaptation of neurons to the AD-specific microenvironment through a variety of adjustments, including reduction of neuronal and synaptic activities and alteration of survival signaling. Therefore, it is potentially useful for the development of biomarkers and network medicine for AD.</p> </div

Mechanistic illustration of the adaptation strategy reflected in the hub network via manual integration of literature and KEGG pathways (part 1).

<p>The “healthy” neurons respond to the AD-specific microenvironment through the reduction of neuronal and synaptic activities. Relevant functional categories for neuronal and synaptic activities include energy metabolism, RNA splicing, RNA transport and translation, cellular recycling system, cytoskeleton (axonal transport), pre- and post- synaptic activities. Hub genes are indicated by black color. Closely related non-hub genes in the perturbed subnetwork are indicated by blue color. Transcription factors and kinases whose targets or substrates were enriched in the subnetwork are indicated with red color. Cellular functions are indicated by green color.</p

Top 5 enriched drugs for the hub network by ToppFun enrichment analysis.

<p>The P-value was evaluated by the significance of overlap between the hub genes and drug targets. The numbers of hub genes listed in the database (source) as drug targets as well as the gene symbols are provided.</p

Pairwise correlation of the perturbed subnetworks in the six brain regions.

<p>The diagonal cells (white color) display the number of genes in the perturbed subnetwork of a specific brain region. Other cells of the table correspond to counts (upper right half) or significance p-values (lower left half) of overlap between a pair of brain region’s perturbed subnetworks. Coloring of the table encodes significance of overlap (p-value) by Fisher’s exact test. It is evident that all of the pairwise overlaps are significant.</p

A network map of the enriched GO terms in the perturbed subnetworks.

<p>The enrichment analysis was conducted separately in each brain region’s perturbed subnetwork. Only GO terms (nodes) enriched in at least four brain regions are shown. Edge thickness represents the degree of overlap between connecting nodes (GO terms) calculated by the genes in the perturbed subnetworks. Nodes with similar functions are enclosed with red circles. Pos,Neg,Reg, Macro, met, org and MF stand for positive, negative, regulation, macromolecular, metabolism, organization and molecular function, respectively.</p

Graphical representation of the hub network consisting of 136 hub genes identified in the six brain regions.

<p>Genes are represented as nodes using various colors that represent the functional classes, including constituents of plaque or tangle, correlation with AD progression based on MMSE or NFT score, genetic risk of AD (ALZgene) and aging related genes. If a gene belongs to multiple functional classes, it will be displayed as a pie chart.</p

Base-Promoted Intermolecular Cyclization of Substituted 3‑Aryl(Heteroaryl)-3-chloro­acryl­aldehydes and Tetrahydro­isoquinolines: An Approach to Access Pyrrolo­[2,1‑<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines

We have developed a new base-promoted intermolecular cascade cyclization reaction of substituted 3-aryl­(heteroaryl)-3-chloroacryl­aldehydes and tetra­hydro­isoquinolines in one pot. The reaction provides a facile and practical synthesis of pyrrolo­[2,1-<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines. A number of pyrrolo­[2,1-<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines were synthesized in moderate to high yields (up to 97%)

Enantio- and Diastereoselective Nitro-Mannich Reaction of α‑Aryl Nitromethanes with Amidosulfones Catalyzed by Phase-Transfer Catalysts

A high-yield, highly diastereo- and enantioselective nitro-Mannich reaction of α-aryl nitromethanes with amidosulfones catalyzed by a novel chiral phase-transfer catalyst, bearing multiple H-bonding donors, derived from quinine was developed. A variety of α-aryl nitromethanes and amidosulfones were investigated; and the corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, > 99:1 dr and >99% ee). As a demonstration of synthetic utility, the resulting β-nitroamines could be converted to corresponding <i>meso</i>-symmetric and optically pure unsymmetric <i>anti</i>-1,2-diarylethylenediamines