Pasulj u strukturi setve Vojvodine

In this paper harvested areas under the dry bean in the period 1954-2003 has been analyzed. An analysis covers the wole period, but also certain decades of analyzed period. Dry bean has been cultivated on average area of about 8,000 ha. That is 0.5% of total province’s arable area and about 10% of area under vegetable production. The family farms, which cultivate dry bean on the average area of the about 7,550 ha have the dominate role in the organization of the production. Their participation in the total area is 92% and thus these farms give main feature of dry bean production in Voivodina Province. Harvested areas under the dry bean in Voivodina are characterized by significant stability. That is on the first place consequence of the high stability of the family farms’ area. Taking into consideration agro technical characteristics of this crop and the fact that domestic supply does not meet needs of domestics consumers can conclude that rate of growth of 1.48% which was established in the last decade of analyzed period is not satisfactory.U radu se analiziraju požete površine pasulja u periodu od 1954-2003. godine Analiza obuhvata period u celini kao i pojedine dekade ispitivanog perioda. Pasulj se u Vojvodini gaji na prosečnoj površini od oko 8 000 ha što je 0,5% ukupnih oraničnih površina Pokrajine, odnosno nešto manje od 10% ukupnih površina pod povrćem. Dominantno mesto u organizovanju proizvodnje imaju seljačka gazdinstva koja pasulj gaje na prosečnoj površini od oko 7 550 ha. Ova gazdinstva sa prosečnim učešćem od 92% u ukupnim površinama daju obeležja proizvodnje u Vojvodini. Imajući u vidu agrotehnička svojstva ovog useva i činjenicu da ukupna proizvodnja ne zadovoljava domaće potrebe sigurno je da utvrđena stopa rasta u poslednjoj dekadi ispitivanog perioda od 1,48% ne odražava zadovoljavajući nivo rasta prosečnih površina pod pasuljem u Vojvodini

Osnovna obeležja proizvodnje soje u ratarskim rejonima Vojvodine

The average harvested soybean areas vary from 693 ha in Northern Srem to 37,402 ha in South Backa. About 70% of harvested soybean areas are concentrated in three regions (South and Western Backa and South Srem). The share of soybean in total industrial crops’ areas is the highest in Western Backa region (54.48%), and the lowest in Northern Banat (8.38%). In the period analyzed (2003-2005) the highest yields were achieved in South Banat region (2.529 kg/ha) and the lowest in Northern Banat region (1.636 kg/ha). The most important regions for the soybean production are South Backa and Western Backa, where about 60% of total soybean production produces. One can say that further increasing of soybean production is justified in the regions where high yields are achieved, but share of soybean in production structure is still small.U radu se analiziraju površine, prinosi i proizvodnja soje po pojedinim ratarskim rejonima Vojvodine u periodu 2003-2005 godine. Požete površine soje variraju od 693 ha (Severni Srem) do 37.402 ha (Južna Bačka). Najveći prinosi soje su ostvareni u Južnom Banatu (2529 kg/ha) a najniži u Severnom Banatu(1636 kg/ha). Međutim ukoliko se rangiranje izvrši u pogledu požetih površina i visine ostvarenog prinosa izdvajaju se rejoni Južna i Zapadna Bačka u kojima se proizvede 60% ukupne proizvodnje soje. U narednom periodu od posebnog značaja je širenje soje na seljačkim gazdinstvima i to u rejonima gde se postižu visoki prinosi a zastupljenost useva je mala (Južni Banat)

Organizaciono-ekonomska obeležja proizvodnje soje na seljačkim gazdinstvima

Recently, the growth tendency of the area under the soybean on the family farms has been evident. Regarding the achieved yields these farms have shown notable results and they do not lag behind the still present state agricultural companies. The level of the economic efficiency depends on the achieved yield and sale prices, but the overall effect actually depends on the share of the mechanization costs in the total costs. The analysis has shown that the best effect in soybean production has been realized on those farms which entirely use their own mechanization and organize production on their own land. The break - even point has ranged in the broad interval depending on the input level per land unit. In average it grows, but the yield growth is faster than the growth of breakeven point. Due to that fact the soybean production has been economical in the observed period which is one of the reasons why this production is growing in this sector.Poslednjih godina ispoljena je tendencija porasta površina pod sojom na seljačkim gazdinstvima. Ova gazdinstva u pogledu nivoa ostvarenog prinosa zrna soje po jedinici površine beleže značajne rezultate tako da ne zaostaju za još uvek prisutnim društvenim sektorom. Nivo ekonomske efektivnosti je pod uticajem ostvarenog prinosa i prodajne cene, međutim, krajnji efekti zavise od učešća troškova mehanizacije. Analiza je pokazala najveće efekte u proizvodnji soje ostvaruju ona gazdinstva koja u potpunosti koriste sopstvenu mehanizaciju i proizvodnji soje organizuju na vlastitim površinama. Granica rentabilnosti se kreće u širokom intervalu u zavisnosti nivoa ulaganja po jedinici površine. Posmatrano u proseku ona raste, međutim porast prinosa je veći u odnosu na rast granice rentabilnosti pa je proizvodnja soje u posmatranom periodu ekonomična što je jedan od razloga širenja ove proizvodnje na ovom sektoru

The Effect of Chlorhexidine on Oral Bacterial Colonisation and Development of Nosocomial Infections in Life Threatened Patients

Ciljevi: Zabilježiti u bolesnika na odjelu intenzivnog liječenja učinak dekontaminacije dentalnoga plaka i bukalne sluznice antiseptikom na kolonizaciju potencijalno patogenim nozokomijalnim bakterijama i razvoj nozokomijalnih infekcija. Vrsta: Dvostruko slijepa prospektivna poredbena studija zasnovana na nasumce odabranom uzorku. Mjesto: Odjel intenzivnoga liječenja s 12 kreveta u Kliničkoj bolnici “Dubrava”, Zagreb. Ispitanici: Bolesnici koji su jedan za drugim primljeni na odjel intenzivnog liječenja s bolešću koja je indicirala najmanje trodnevo liječenje. Bezubi su bolesnici isključeni iz studije. Terapije: Nakon nasumice izabranih bolesnika, provedena je terapija te skupine s 0,2% gelom klorheksidina, tri puta na dan za vrijeme njihova boravka na odjelu intenzivnog liječenja. Standardne mjere oralne higijene i placebo gel uporabljeni su na kontrolnoj skupini. Posebna mjerenja: Uzet je dentalni status s pomoću indeksa karijesa; količina plaka utvrđena je semikvantitativnim indeksom plaka. Uzeti su uzorci bakterija dentalnoga plaka, bukalne sluznice, nazalnog i trahealnog aspirata i krvi nultog dana, zatim trećeg, šestog i dalje svaka tri dana do otpusta bolesnika s odjela intenzivnog liječenja. Rezultati: Sudjelovalo je 60 bolesnika - 30 koji su primali terapiju i 30 iz kontrolne skupine (prosjek godina: 54,5±18,2, prosječna simplificirana akutna fiziološka vrijednost II (Simplified Acute Physiological Score II): 29±13,5 bodova). Pri prijmu u bolnicu nije bilo znatnih razlika između dviju skupina što se tiče kliničkih i dentalnih podataka. Srednja vrijednost indeksa karijesa iznosila je 19,5±5,5, a plak indeksa 1,7±0,62. Na dan prijma u 63% su bolesnika iz područja dentalnoga plaka i bukalne sluznice izolirane potencijalno patogene nozokomijalne bakterije. U usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom iznos transkolonizacije bakterija u područje bronha znatno je smanjen (19/7 bolesnika, p=0,002), kao i incidencija razvoja nozokomijalne infekcije (26,7%/6,7%, p=0,041). Ti su rezultati bili konzistentni sa znatnim preventivnim učinkom antiseptičke dekontaminacije s 75% razmjernoga smanjenja rizika. Postojao je trend smanjenja vrijednosti plak indeksa, kolonizacije potencijalno patogenim bakterijama i duljine boravka na odjelu intenzivnoga liječenja.. Zaključci: Dekontaminacija dentalnoga plaka i bukalne sluznice antiseptikom, 0,2% gelom klorheksidina smanjuje oralnu bakterijsku kolonizaciju te može smanjiti incidenciju razvoja nozokomijalnih infekcija u životno ugroženih bolesnika.Aims: To record the effect of decontamination of dental plaque and buccal mucous membrane by antiseptics on the colonisation of potential pathogenic nosocomial bacteria and development of nosocomial infections in patients in the Department of Intensive Care. Type: A double blind prospective comparative study based on a randomly selected sample. Location: Department of Intensive Care with 12 beds in the University Hospital Dubrava. Subjects: Patients admitted one after the other in the Department of Intensive Care with a disease which indicated at least three days of treatment. Edentulous patients were excluded from the study. Therapy: After randomly selecting the patients, the group was treated with 0.2% gel chlorhexidine, three times daily for the duration of their stay in the Department. Standard measures of oral hygiene and placebo gel were applied in a control group. Specific measurements: Dental status was taken by means of caries index; the amount of plaque was determined by means of semi quantitative plaque index. Samples of bacteria were taken of dental plaque, buccal mucous membrane, nasal and tracheal aspirate and blood on the first, third and sixth day and thereafter every three days until the patient\u27s release from the Department of Intensive Treatment. Results: Sixty patients participated in the study: 30 who received therapy and 30 in a control group (mean age: 54.5±5.5 years, Simplified Acute Physiological Score II: 29±13.5 points). On admittance to hospital there were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to clinical and dental data. Average value of the caries index amounted to 19.5±5.5, and plaque index 1.7±0.62. On the day of admittance potentially pathogenic nosocomial bacteria were isolated from the area of dental plaque and buccal mucous membrane in 63% of patients. In relation to the control group the amount of transcolonisation of bacteria in the region of the bronchi was significantly reduced (19/7 patients, p=0.002), as also was the incidence of the development of nosocomial infections (26.7%/6.7%, p=0.041). These results were consistent with the significant preventive effect of antiseptic decontamination with 75% relatively reduced risk. There was a trend toward a decrease in the values of plaque index, colonisation of potential pathogenic bacteria and the duration of stay in the Department of Intensive Care. Conclusions: Decontamination of dental plaque and buccal mucous membrane by antiseptics, 0.2% gel chlorhexidine, reduced oral bacterial colonisation, and can reduce the incidence of the development of nosocomial infections in life threatened patients

Effects of 10% Carbamide Peroxide Teeth Whitening System on Periodontal Health

Svrha rada bila je istražiti utjecaj sredstva za izbjeljivanje zuba s 10 %-tnim karbamidnim peroksidom (VivaStyle, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) na zdravlje parodonta. U studiju je bilo uključeno 10 ispitanika u dobi od 22 do 29 godina, s klinički zdravim parodontnim tkivima, a željeli su promijeniti nijansu boje zuba. Tijekom 12 dana njihovi su zubi bili svaki dan podvrgnuti jednosatnom tretmanu 10 %-tnim karbamidnim peroksidom. Svi su morali tijekom postupka voditi dnevnik mogućih nelagoda. Na početku - šestog i dvanaestog dana - kod svih ispitanika izmjerene su vrijednosti API-a i PBI-a te su im zubi fotografi rani u zagrizu. Svi su zubi postupkom izbijeljeni barem za jednu nijansu. Tijekom tretmana nije bilo promjena ni u akumulaciji plaka, ni u upali gingive. Taj postupak nema nikakva utjecaja na zdravlje parodonta.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel (VivaStyle, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) on periodontal health. Ten participants, 22 to 29 years of age, with clinically healthy periodontal tissues and a wish to change the shade of their teeth, participated in this study. Subjects were treated with 10% carbamide peroxide for one hour daily during 12 days. The volunteers were instructed to keep a diary of possible disturbances during the teeth whitening procedure. At baseline, on 6th and on 12th day API score and PBI score were measured and clinical photograph of teeth in intercuspidation relation was taken. All teeth demonstrated change of at least one shade. There was no change in either plaque accumulation, or gingival inflammation during the teeth whitening procedure. This teeth whitening procedure seems not to have any influence on the periodontal health

Usporedba prekomjernog uživanja alkohola među učenicima u dvjema srednjim medicinskim školama

Ishodišta: Uživanje alkohola je rašireno i među učenicima srednjih medicinskih škola. Ovaj fenomen zahtijeva intenzivan rad na osvješćivanju učenika i angažiranje učitelja koji bi učenike trebali poučiti o opasnostima prekomjernog uživanja alkohola i njegovim štetnim posljedicama. Cilj: Utvrditi visinu rizika uživanja alkohola i stupanj osviještenosti glede posljedica zloupotrebe alkohola među učenicima dviju srednjih medicinskih škola te usporedba rezultata. Uzorak i metode: Za prikupljanje podataka korišten je estandardizirani upitnik, koji je ispunilo 140 učenika četvrtoga razreda Srednje medicinske škole Slovenj Gradec (SNSG) i Srednje medicinske i kozmetičke škole Izola (SNCIZ). Upotrijebljena je deskriptivna statistika. Rezultati su testirani kontingentnim tablicama, Hi-kvadratnim testom i t-testom. Sve vrijednosti smatrane su statistički značajnim kad je p < 0,05. Rezultati: U zadnja tri mjeseca omjer opijenih/intoksiciranih učenika bio je viši u SNSG, gdje je bilo opijenih 23 (40 %) učenika do tri puta, a u SNCIZ četiri (8 %), što je statistički znakovita razlika (p = 0.01). Učenici se slažu da alkohol šteti zdravlju. S tom tvrdnjom složilo se 40 (69 %) učenika SNSG i 35 (74 %) u SNCIZ. Zaključak: Učenici vrlo malo znaju o štetnosti alkohola, s obzirom na to da velika većina razlikuje znakove opijenosti, ali ne i štetne učinke dugotrajnog uživanja alkohola. U budućnosti je potrebno podignuti osviještenost učenika o štetnosti utjecaja alkohola primjenom različitih zdravstveno-obrazovnih aktivnosti

Pedeset godina proizvodnje crnog luka u Vojvodini

The onion in Vojvodina occupies on average 6,669 ha, which is 0.43% of plough land of Province. With average yield of 8.0 t/ha about 54,000 tons of onion has been produced in Vojvodina in last ten years (1996-2005). The total production has been decreased. That is a consequence of areas decreasing (growth rate-2.29%), since yields are characterized by modest positive trend (growth rate 0.94%). The share of small agricultural households’ production in total production is 92%. Thus, characteristics of these households have to be taken into account in order to improve this production.Proizvodnja crnog luka se u Vojvodini organizuje u proseku na 6.669 ha, što zauzima 0,43% oranica. U poslednjih deset godina (1996-2005) uz prosečan prinos od 8,0 t/ha u Vojvodini se proizvede nešto manje od 54.000 tona crnog luka. Ukupna proizvodnja se smanjuje kao rezultat opadanja površina (stopa-2,29%) jer prinose karakteriše blagi trend porasta (stopa 0,94%). Dominantno učešće u ukupnoj proizvodnji imaju seljačka gazdinstva (92%) stoga je neophodno uvažavati njihove specifičnosti u cilju daljeg unapređenja ove proizvodnje

Osnovna obeležja proizvodnje belog luka u Vojvodini

The paper discusses garlic production in the Vojvodina province over a 50-year period (1956-2005) through an analysis of harvested areas, average yields, and total production. The average area planted to garlic in Vojvodina during the said period was 1,714 ha, or about 2% of the overall acreage in vegetables. Most (99.14%) of the garlic production in the province was carried out by individual farmers. In 50-year period, the average yields of garlic vary between 1,998 kg per ha (2005) and 5,501 kg per ha (1959). The variation of the average yield (CV = 18.50%), indicating that the overall garlic production in the province was unstable, which was largely due to the limiting environmental factors. .U radu su izvršene analize požetih površina, prosečno ostvarenih prinosa i ukupne proizvodnje belog luka u Vojvodini za pedesetogodišnji period (1956-2005). Prosečne površine pod belim lukom u Vojvodini u analiziranom periodu su 1.714 ha, što čini oko 2% površina pod povrćem. Glavni nosioci ove proizvodnje su seljačka gazdinstva sa prosečnim učešćem od 99,14%. U pedesetogodišnjem periodu prosečno ostvareni prinosi belog luka variraju u intervalu od 1.998 kg/ha (2005) do 5.501 kg/ha (1959). Variranje prosečnih prinosa (CV = 18,50%), ukazuje i na nestabilnost ukupne proizvodnje belog luka, što je velikim delom uslovljeno limitirajućim faktorima spoljne sredine.

Prvi rezultati dijagnostičke primjene endobronhalnog ultrazvuka u Kliničkoj bolnici Dubrava [Initial results of diagnostic application of endobronchial ultrasound in Clinical hospital Dubrava]

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) enables visualization of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes as well as, in case of clinical indication, its transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA). Simultaneous application of color doppler gives the additional prospects to investigate the blood vessels. The primary indication for EBUS is radiographic finding of mediastinal and/or hilar lymph nodes enlargement as well as the staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this article we present the initial results of application of this valuable diagnostic procedure performed at the Department for pulmonary diseases in Clinical hospital Dubrava in Zagreb. According to its high sensitivity and specificity, and being safe and well tolerated, EBUS-TBNA was positioned as basic diagnostic procedure in patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy

INITIAL RESULTS OF DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASOUND IN CLINICAL HOSPITAL DUBRAVA

Endobronhalni ultrazvuk (engl. Endobronchial ultrasound – EBUS) omogućuje vizualizaciju medijastinalnih i hilusnih limfnih čvorova, a prema potrebi i njihovu punkciju (engl. Transbronchial Needle Aspiration – TBNA). Metodom doplera moguće je istodobno pregledati i krvne žile. Najčešće indikacije za ovu pretragu jesu povećanje medijastinalnih i/ili hilusnih limfnih čvorova nejasna uzroka te procjena proširenosti plućnoga nemikrocelularnog karcinoma (engl. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer – NSCLC). U radu su prikazani prvi rezultati primjene ove dijagnostičke metode u Zavodu za pulmologiju Interne klinike Kliničke bolnice Dubrava. S obzirom na visoku osjetljivost i specifičnost te dobru podnošljivost, EBUS-TBNA pokazala se temeljnom pretragom u dijagnostici medijastinalne limfadenopatije.Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) enables visualization of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes as well as, in case of clinical indication, its transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA). Simultaneous application of color doppler gives the ­additional prospects to investigate the blood vessels. The primary indication for EBUS is radiographic finding of mediastinal and/or hilar lymph nodes enlargement as well as the staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this article we present the initial results of application of this valuable diagnostic procedure performed at the Department for pulmonary diseases in Clinical hospital Dubrava in Zagreb. According to its high sensitivity and specificity, and being safe and well tolerated, EBUS-TBNA was positioned as basic diagnostic procedure in patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy