100 godina shizofrenija, razvoj nozološkog entiteta i psihopatologije

The history of schizophrenia is in essence the history of psychiatry. Although the term has been in use for one hundred years, patients diagnosed as schizophrenic today have been classified in other ways in the past. What is important is that they have always been identified as ill. In this text, I will look back a century and touch on the history of schizophrenia prior to that time. It is important to note that the author of this text works at the Psychiatry Clinic of the Sisters of Charity Hospital established on the foundations of its first director, Professor Josip Glaser, and his student Vladimir Hudolin. Josip Glaser was Eugen Bleuler’s student from the Zurich School of Psychiatry, which he introduced to our region. It is a great asset to have an institution in Croatia founded on the tradition of the classic German psychiatric school, which we, the younger generation, proudly practice today.Povijest shizofrenija je povijest psihijatrije uopće. Iako je termin shizofrenija u uporabi 100 godina, bolesnici kojima bi danas bila dijagnosticirana shizofrenija bili su tijekom povijesti opisivani na najrazličitije načine, ali bitno je da su uvijek bili prepoznavani kao bolesni. U ovom tekstu osvrnut ću se na jedno stoljeće unazad, uz tek dotaknutu povijest shizofrenija prije toga. Važno je ovdje napomenuti da pisac ovog teksta dolazi iz Klinike za psihijatriju KBC Sestre milosrdnice, klinike koja je stasala na temeljima prvog predstojnika profesora Josipa Glasera i njegova učenika Vladimira Hudolina. Neophodno je to istaknuti jer je Josip Glaser učenik Eugena Bleulera, odnosno Ciriške psihijatrijske škole koju je prenio u našu sredinu. Lijepo je imati i u Hrvatskoj ustanovu koja je nastala na tradiciji klasične njemačke psihijatrijske škole koju mi, mlađi naraštaji, danas s ponosom baštinimo

100 godina shizofrenija, razvoj nozološkog entiteta i psihopatologije

The history of schizophrenia is in essence the history of psychiatry. Although the term has been in use for one hundred years, patients diagnosed as schizophrenic today have been classified in other ways in the past. What is important is that they have always been identified as ill. In this text, I will look back a century and touch on the history of schizophrenia prior to that time. It is important to note that the author of this text works at the Psychiatry Clinic of the Sisters of Charity Hospital established on the foundations of its first director, Professor Josip Glaser, and his student Vladimir Hudolin. Josip Glaser was Eugen Bleuler’s student from the Zurich School of Psychiatry, which he introduced to our region. It is a great asset to have an institution in Croatia founded on the tradition of the classic German psychiatric school, which we, the younger generation, proudly practice today.Povijest shizofrenija je povijest psihijatrije uopće. Iako je termin shizofrenija u uporabi 100 godina, bolesnici kojima bi danas bila dijagnosticirana shizofrenija bili su tijekom povijesti opisivani na najrazličitije načine, ali bitno je da su uvijek bili prepoznavani kao bolesni. U ovom tekstu osvrnut ću se na jedno stoljeće unazad, uz tek dotaknutu povijest shizofrenija prije toga. Važno je ovdje napomenuti da pisac ovog teksta dolazi iz Klinike za psihijatriju KBC Sestre milosrdnice, klinike koja je stasala na temeljima prvog predstojnika profesora Josipa Glasera i njegova učenika Vladimira Hudolina. Neophodno je to istaknuti jer je Josip Glaser učenik Eugena Bleulera, odnosno Ciriške psihijatrijske škole koju je prenio u našu sredinu. Lijepo je imati i u Hrvatskoj ustanovu koja je nastala na tradiciji klasične njemačke psihijatrijske škole koju mi, mlađi naraštaji, danas s ponosom baštinimo

Croatian Society for Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Croatian Medical Association Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Recommendations for treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on potential interactions between different psychopharmaceuticals and medications most commonly used to treat COVID-19 infection

Cytochrome p4502D6 and serotonin transporter polymorphism in patient with bipolar disorder type II

Bipolar disorder can manifest itself for years with recurring depressive episodes before the first manic, hypomanic or mixed episode occurs. The depressive episode of the bipolar disorder thus frequently remains unrecognised and misdiagnosed as a major depressive disorder and therefore gets inadequately treated with antidepressant monotherapy. This paper reports a case of a patient with bipolar disorder type II, who was treated for several years as a major depressive disorder and failed to show a therapeutic response to antidepressants from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The first manic episode occurred in the course of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacogenetic analysis has shown that the patient was an ultra-rapid metabolizer of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6, and also had a serotonin transporter s/s genotype. Results of the analysis helped in determining the optimal psychopharmacotherapy for manic and depressive episodes of the bipolar disorder. The paper also discuses a possible serotonin transporter genotype impact to the course and the clinical presentation of the disease

The Painting of saints Apollonia, Blaise and Anthony the Abbot from the Treasury of Convent of Saint Mary in Zadar. Display of Three Patron Saints of the Oro-Facial Region

Svrha rada bila je prikazati sliku svetoga Antuna opata u slavi, te svetoga Blaža i svetu Apoloniju u povijesno medicinsko-stomatološkom kontekstu. Slika se nalazi u stalnom postavu izložbe crkvene umjetnosti u benediktinskom samostanu Svete Marije u Zadru. Inače, sveta Apolonija štuje se kao zaštitnica od bolesti zuba, a i zaštitnica je stomatologa i stomatologije. Sveti Blaž zaštitnik je grla, usne šupljine i cervikofacijalne regije, a kao zaštitnika štuju ga otorinolaringolozi i kirurzi lica, glave i vrata, dok je sveti Antun-opat zaštitnih kožnih bolesti i bolesti sluznica, posebice onih uzrokovanih herpesom. Prikazana slika, ulje na platnu, naslikana je u baroknom stilu početkom sedamnaestog stoljeća. Zanimljiva je i zato što se na istom mjestu nalazi troje svetaca, zaštitnika od bolesti koje se javljaju u orofacijalnoj regiji. Osim toga ta slika svjedoči o kultu štovanja svetaca - zaštitnika bolesti zubi, usta i grla u Zadru, odnosno o usporednim načinima pružanja medicinske i stomatološke zaštite - one “znanstvene” i one teurgijske. Ovim radom nadopunjuje se povijesno medicinsko-stomatološka baština naših krajeva, a ujedno se pokazuje kako proučavanjem sakralne umjetničke baštine možemo nadopuniti naše znanje o zdravstvenim uvjetima u određenom vremenskom razdoblju.The aim of this paper was to describe the painting of St. Anthony the Abbot in Glory, St. Blaise and St. Apollonia in historical medical/dental context. The painting belongs to the Benedictine Convent of St. Mary in Zadar, Croatia. St. Apollonia is worshipped as the patron saint of dentists and dentistry, protecting the teeth. St. Blaise is the patron saint of throat, mouth and cervico-facial region and worshipped as the patron saint by the ear, nose and throat specialists and maxillofacial surgeons, while St. Anthony the Abbot protects from the diseases of skin and mucosa, especially those caused by herpes virus. This oil on canvas was painted in baroque style in the early seventeenth century. It is interesting because it shows the three patron saints of the oro-facial region together. Furthermore, this painting witnesses the permanent presence of the cult of worshipping the patron saints of teeth, mouth and throat in Zadar, Croatia, and witnesses the existence of the parallel ways of providing the medical/dental care, both “scientific” and theurgic. This paper adds to the historical/dental heritage of Croatia, and shows that research of the sacral artistic heritage can add to the information about healthcare situation in a particular period

SCHYZOTIPY: FROM PERSONALITY ORGANIZATION TO TRANSITION TO SCHIZOPHRENIA

The traditional medical model of schizophrenia assumes a categorical view of the syndrome. On the contrary, the dimensional approach to schizophrenia infers that schizophrenia is not a discrete illness entity, but that psychotic symptoms differ in quantitative ways from normal experiences and behaviours. Schizotypy comprise a set of inherited traits reflected in personality organization, which presents as qualitatively similar to schizophrenia. Schizotipy is in line with continuum hypothesis of schizophrenia where different combinations of genes and environmental risk factors result in a range of different phenotypic expressions lying on a continuum from normal through to clinical psychosis. We discuss evidences for the continuity of psychotic symptoms to normal experiences and theoretical and future research implications of such a continuum

Cytochrome p4502D6 and serotonin transporter polymorphism in patient with bipolar disorder type II

Bipolar disorder can manifest itself for years with recurring depressive episodes before the first manic, hypomanic or mixed episode occurs. The depressive episode of the bipolar disorder thus frequently remains unrecognised and misdiagnosed as a major depressive disorder and therefore gets inadequately treated with antidepressant monotherapy. This paper reports a case of a patient with bipolar disorder type II, who was treated for several years as a major depressive disorder and failed to show a therapeutic response to antidepressants from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The first manic episode occurred in the course of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacogenetic analysis has shown that the patient was an ultra-rapid metabolizer of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6, and also had a serotonin transporter s/s genotype. Results of the analysis helped in determining the optimal psychopharmacotherapy for manic and depressive episodes of the bipolar disorder. The paper also discuses a possible serotonin transporter genotype impact to the course and the clinical presentation of the disease