5 research outputs found

    Composici贸n, riqueza de especies y abundancia de insectos defoliadores de actividad nocturna asociados a Aristotelia chilensis (maqui) en el bosque maulino fragmentado Composition, species richness and abundance of nocturnal folivorous insects associated with Aristotelia chilensis (maqui) in the fragmented Maulino forest

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    En el bosque maulino, la herbivor铆a sobre Aristotelia chilensis (maqui) es negativamente afectada por la fragmentaci贸n del bosque, siendo mayor en el bosque continuo que en los fragmentos, particularmente a inicios de la temporada de crecimiento. Este fen贸meno puede deberse a cambios en la din谩mica de las poblaciones de defoliadores, esencialmente insectos. En este trabajo se evalu贸 la abundancia, riqueza de especies y composici贸n de insectos defoliadores de actividad nocturna presentes en A. chilensis en un bosque continuo (600 ha) y en ocho fragmentos remanentes (0,4-20 ha). Los mu茅streos se realizaron mensualmente, entre agosto de 2005 y febrero de 2006, en 32 ejemplares adultos de A. chilensis en el bosque continuo y en 32 ejemplares en los fragmentos. Los insectos fueron muestreados durante las cinco primeras horas de la noche. Se recolectaron 890 insectos defoliadores, pertenecientes a 17 familias y 77 especies pertenecientes a los 贸rdenes Cole贸ptera, Orthoptera y Lepidoptera, siendo todas nativas. La abundancia total no vari贸 seg煤n el habitat. Sin embargo, la fragmentaci贸n increment贸 o disminuy贸 la abundancia de algunas especies. La riqueza de especies por 谩rbol tampoco fue afectada por la fragmentaci贸n del bosque, aunque el n煤mero total de especies fue considerablemente mayor en los fragmentos que en el bosque continuo. La similitud de especies fue mayor dentro del bosque continuo que entre el bosque continuo y los fragmentos o que entre los fragmentos. A principios de la temporada de crecimiento de A. chilensis (septiembre), la abundancia de Sericoides obesa fue significativamente mayor en el bosque continuo que en los fragmentos. Al avanzar en la temporada, Sericoides viridis se hizo m谩s abundante en los fragmentos. Por el tama帽o y la voracidad de los insectos del g茅nero Sericoides ellos ser铆an los principales responsables de los patrones de defoliaci贸n de A. chilensis en el bosque maulino.At the Maulino forest, herbivory upon Aristotelia chilensis (maqui) is negatively affected by forest fragmentation, being higher in the continuous forest than in the small remnant fragments, particularly at the beginning of the growing season (spring). This phenomenon may be attributable to changes in the population dynamics of herbivores, mostly insects. In this work, the effect of the Maulino forest fragmentation on the abundance, species richness and composition of nocturnal defoliating insects associated with A. chilensis was evaluated. The insects associated with A. chilensis were sampled monthly, between August 2005 and February 2006, in 32 trees located in a continuous forest (600 ha) and in 32 trees located in eight forest fragments (0.4-20 ha). Insect sampling was carried out during the first five night hours. 890 folivorous insects from 17 families and 77 species of Cole贸ptera, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera were collected. All species were native. The total abundance did not vary with habitat fragmentation. Nevertheless, some species increased their abundance with fragmentation, while others were depressed. The species richness of folivorous insects per tree did not vary with forest fragmentation, though the total number of species was considerably higher in the forest fragments. The species similarity was higher within the continuous forest than between the continuous forest and fragments or among fragments. At the beginning of the season (September), the abundance of Sericoides obesa was significantly higher in the continuous forest than in the forest fragments. Later in the season, Sericoides viridis became more abundant in the forest fragments. Because of the body size and the voracity of Sericoides sp., these insects seem to be responsible of the herbivory patterns of A. chilensis at the Maulino forest

    Is top-down control by predators driving insect abundance and herbivory rates in fragmented forests?

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    The effects of forest fragmentation on ecological interactions and particularly on food webs have scarcely been analysed. There is usually less herbivory in forest fragments than in continuous forests. Here we hypothesize that forest fragmentation enhances top-down control of herbivory through an increase in insectivorous birds and a decrease in herbivorous insects, with a consequent decrease in plant reproductive success in small forest fragments. In the Maulino forest in central Chile, we experimentally excluded birds from Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae) trees in both forest fragments and continuous forest, and analysed herbivore insect abundance, herbivory and plant reproductive success during two consecutive growing seasons. We expected that insect abundance and herbivory would increase, and reproductive success would decrease in A.chilensis from which birds have been excluded, particularly in forest fragments where bird abundance and predation pressure on insects is higher
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