Quantifying probabilities of eruption at a well-monitored active volcano: an application to Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy).

At active volcanoes, distinct eruptions are preceded by complex and different precursory patterns; in addition, there are precursory signals which do not necessarily lead to an eruption. The main purpose of this paper is to present an unprecedented application of the recently developed code named BET_EF (Bayesian Event Tree_Eruption Forecasting) to the quantitative estimate of the eruptive hazard at Mt. Etna volcano. We tested the model for the case history of the July-August 2001 flank eruption. Anomalies in geophysical, geochemical and volcanological monitoring parameters were observed more than a month in advance of the effective onset of the eruption. As a consequence, eruption probabilities larger than 90% were estimated. An important feature of the application of BET_EF to Mt. Etna was the probabilistic estimate of opening vent locations. The methodology allowed a clear identification of assumptions and monitoring parameter thresholds and provided rational means for their revision if new data or information are incoming

THE ITALIAN QUATERNARY VOLCANISM

The peninsular and insular Italy are punctuated by Quaternary volcanoes and their rocks constitute an important aliquot of the Italian Quaternary sedimentary successions. Also away from volcanoes themselves, volcanic ash layers are a common and frequent feature of the Quaternary records, which provide us with potential relevant stratigraphic and chronological markers at service of a wide array of the Quaternary science issues. In this paper, a broad representation of the Italian volcano-logical community has joined to provide an updated comprehensive state of art of the Italian Quaternary volcanism. The eruptive history, style and dynamics and, in some cases, the hazard assessment of about thirty Quaternary volcanoes, from the north-ernmost Mt. Amiata, in Tuscany, to the southernmost Pantelleria and Linosa, in Sicily Channel, are here reviewed in the light of the substantial improving of the methodological approaches and the overall knowledge achieved in the last decades in the vol-canological field study. We hope that the present review can represent a useful and agile document summarising the knowledege on the Italian volcanism at the service of the Quaternary community operating in central Mediterranean area

Anastomosi vescico-uretrale CAPIO™ RP assisted dopo prostatectomia radicale retropubica.

Vescico-urethral anastomosis following radical retrobupic prostatectomy (RRP) can sometime be extremely difficul due to a short uretheral end or to a narrow and deep pelvis, so that the suture stitches can be wrongly positioned , without passing through the uretheral wall, or the wrong position, and this can produce the onset of a urinary fistula, and sudsequently, stenosis of the anastomotic tract. The CAPIO tm RP suture device allows a perfect vesico-uretheral anastomosis end the suture stitches can be easilu positioned insidethe uretheral wall, and exactly where the surgenon decides to put them according to personal experience. Twenty-six patients age ranged fron 52 to 67 yrs, suffering from localized prostaic cancer, under nerce sparing RRP and subsequent CAPIO tm RP assisted vesico -uretheral anastomosis. In all patients, the catheter was removed 6 days after surgery: 22 patiens (84;6%) showed immediate urinary continence; and for patients (15,4%) had mild stress urinary incontinence , with disappeared after 2 weeks. Medium Qmax during follow-up from 1-8 mounth was 20 mL/sec. The CAPIO tm RP suture deviceis, in our experience, a valid tool in the hands of the urologist that makes any vesico-uretheral anastomosis extremely easy and safe, reducing the risk of complications

Liposarcoma mixoide del funicolo spermatico

The myxoid liposarcoma, a rare form of spermatic cord liposarcoma, is a neoplasia of adult men which arise from adipose tissue, with a slow and subdolous growth, showing good prognosis and low incidence of local or distant recurrence. The case came at our attention is the sixteenth described in literature. Orchifunicolectomy is the gold standard therapy, although in some cases in which this kind of surgery is not radical adjuvant inguinal or retroperithoneal and pelvic nodes radiotheraphy should be taken in consideratio