1,035 research outputs found
Spin-Orbit Coupling and Time-Reversal Symmetry in Quantum Gates
We study the effect of spin-orbit coupling on quantum gates produced by
pulsing the exchange interaction between two single electron quantum dots.
Spin-orbit coupling enters as a small spin precession when electrons tunnel
between dots. For adiabatic pulses the resulting gate is described by a unitary
operator acting on the four-dimensional Hilbert space of two qubits. If the
precession axis is fixed, time-symmetric pulsing constrains the set of possible
gates to those which, when combined with single qubit rotations, can be used in
a simple CNOT construction. Deviations from time-symmetric pulsing spoil this
construction. The effect of time asymmetry is studied by numerically
integrating the Schr\"odinger equation using parameters appropriate for GaAs
quantum dots. Deviations of the implemented gate from the desired form are
shown to be proportional to dimensionless measures of both spin-orbit coupling
and time asymmetry of the pulse.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Quantum Computation and Spin Electronics
In this chapter we explore the connection between mesoscopic physics and
quantum computing. After giving a bibliography providing a general introduction
to the subject of quantum information processing, we review the various
approaches that are being considered for the experimental implementation of
quantum computing and quantum communication in atomic physics, quantum optics,
nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, and, especially, normal-electron
solid state physics. We discuss five criteria for the realization of a quantum
computer and consider the implications that these criteria have for quantum
computation using the spin states of single-electron quantum dots. Finally, we
consider the transport of quantum information via the motion of individual
electrons in mesoscopic structures; specific transport and noise measurements
in coupled quantum dot geometries for detecting and characterizing
electron-state entanglement are analyzed.Comment: 28 pages RevTeX, 4 figures. To be published in "Quantum Mesoscopic
Phenomena and Mesoscopic Devices in Microelectronics," eds. I. O. Kulik and
R. Ellialtioglu (NATO Advanced Study Institute, Turkey, June 13-25, 1999
Full control of qubit rotations in a voltage-biased superconducting flux qubit
We study a voltage-controlled version of the superconducting flux qubit
[Chiorescu et al., Science 299, 1869 (2003)] and show that full control of
qubit rotations on the entire Bloch sphere can be achieved. Circuit graph
theory is used to study a setup where voltage sources are attached to the two
superconducting islands formed between the three Josephson junctions in the
flux qubit. Applying a voltage allows qubit rotations about the y axis, in
addition to pure x and z rotations obtained in the absence of applied voltages.
The orientation and magnitude of the rotation axis on the Bloch sphere can be
tuned by the gate voltages, the external magnetic flux, and the ratio alpha
between the Josephson energies via a flux-tunable junction. We compare the
single-qubit control in the known regime alpha<1 with the unexplored range
alpha>1 and estimate the decoherence due to voltage fluctuations.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, 1 tabl
Nuclear State Preparation via Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg transitions in Double Quantum Dots
We theoretically model a nuclear-state preparation scheme that increases the
coherence time of a two-spin qubit in a double quantum dot. The two-electron
system is tuned repeatedly across a singlet-triplet level-anticrossing with
alternating slow and rapid sweeps of an external bias voltage. Using a
Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg model, we find that in addition to a small nuclear
polarization that weakly affects the electron spin coherence, the slow sweeps
are only partially adiabatic and lead to a weak nuclear spin measurement and a
nuclear-state narrowing which prolongs the electron spin coherence. This
resolves some open problems brought up by a recent experiment [D. J. Reilly et
al., Science 321, 817 (2008).]. Based on our description of the weak
measurement, we simulate a system with up to n=200 nuclear spins per dot.
Scaling in n indicates a stronger effect for larger n.Comment: 4.1 pages, 2 figure
Double-Occupancy Errors, Adiabaticity, and Entanglement of Spin-Qubits in Quantum Dots
Quantum gates that temporarily increase singlet-triplet splitting in order to
swap electronic spins in coupled quantum dots, lead inevitably to a finite
double-occupancy probability for both dots. By solving the time-dependent
Schr\"odinger equation for a coupled dot model, we demonstrate that this does
not necessarily lead to quantum computation errors. Instead, the coupled dot
ground state evolves quasi-adiabatically for typical system parameters so that
the double-occupancy probability at the completion of swapping is negligibly
small. We introduce a measure of entanglement which explicitly takes into
account the possibilty of double occupancies and provides a necessary and
sufficient criterion for entangled states.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures include
Entangled photons from the polariton vacuum in a switchable optical cavity
We study theoretically the entanglement of two-photon states in the ground
state of the intersubband cavity system, the so-called polariton vacuum. The
system consists of a sequence of doped quantum wells located inside a
microcavity and the photons can interact with intersubband excitations inside
the quantum wells. Using an explicit solution for the ground state of the
system, operated in the ultrastrong coupling regime, a post-selection is
introduced, where only certain two-photon states are considered and analyzed
for mode entanglement. We find that a fast quench of the coupling creates
entangled photons and that the degree of entanglement depends on the absolute
values of the in-plane wave vectors of the photons. Maximally entangled states
can be generated by choosing the appropriate modes in the post-selection.Comment: 9+ pages, 7 figure
Entanglement detection for electrons via witness operators
We discuss an implementation of the entanglement witness, a method to detect
entanglement with few local measurements, in systems where entangled electrons
are generated both in the spin and orbital degrees of freedom.
We address the efficiency of this method in various setups, including two
different particle-hole entanglement structures, and we demonstrate that it can
also be used to infer information on the possible dephasing afflicting the
devices.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures; published versio
Spectra of ultrabroadband squeezed pulses and the finite-time Unruh-Davies effect
We study spectral properties of quantum radiation of ultimately short
duration. In particular, we introduce a continuous multimode squeezing operator
for the description of subcycle pulses of entangled photons generated by a
coherent-field driving in a thin nonlinear crystal with second order
susceptibility. We find the ultrabroadband spectra of the emitted quantum
radiation perturbatively in the strength of the driving field. These spectra
can be related to the spectra expected in an Unruh-Davies experiment with a
finite time of acceleration. In the time domain, we describe the corresponding
behavior of the normally ordered electric field variance.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
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