Assessment of needs in orthopedic treatment of patients of an older age group

The article describes the statistical data obtained during the examination of the oral cavity and the analysis of medical records of patients older than 75 years with various somatic pathologies who were treated in the central city hospital No. 7 of the city of YekaterinburgВ статье описаны статистические данные, полученные в ходе осмотра полости рта и анализа клинической картины потери зубов пациентов старше 75 лет с различной соматической патологией, проходивших лечение в центральной городской больнице №7 города Екатеринбурга

Газочувствительная композиция оксида вольфрама с многостенными углеродными нанотрубками

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), exhibiting high gas adsorption activity, have been prepared in the high voltage discharge plasma under atmospheric pressure from a mixture of hydrocarbons (methane, propane) and air. The structural characteristics of nanotubes have been studied by TEM. Composition WO3 - MWNTs, prepared by sol-gel method, is of interest to create selective sensitive detectors of combustible gases. The greatest sensitivity to propane (≤ 500 %) has been observed at the substrate temperature below 200 °C, whereas high sensitivity to NO2 (≤300 %) has been observed at higher temperatures (T - 240 °C and more).Получена газочувствительная композиция оксида вольфрама с многостенными углеродными нанотрубками (WO3 - МУНТ), представляющая интерес для создания селективных чувствительных датчиков горючих газов. Изготовлены и испытаны микромощные сенсоры (P ≤ 85 мВт), содержащие WO3 - МУНТ в качестве чувствительного элемента. Наибольшая чувствительность к пропану ( ≤ 500 %) наблюдается при температуре подложки менее 200 ˚С, в то время как заметная чувствительность к NO2 ( ≤ 300 %) наблюдается при более высоких температурах (T ≈ 240 ˚С и выше)

МОДЕЛЬ ПРОЦЕССА БЫСТРОГО ПИРОЛИЗА МЕЛКОДИСПЕРСНЫХ ФРАКЦИЙ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ

The mathematical model of the fast pyrolysis of wood particles is presented. The implicit finite difference algorithm for solving the obtained heat and mass transfer equations is constructed. Based on the computational experiments it was found that the fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust entering a heated reactor is possible when the size of their particles does not exceed 0.45 mm, humidity – 10–15 wt. % and at a pyrolysis temperature of above 490 °C.Предложена физико-математическая модель процесса быстрого пиролиза сосновых опилок. Построены неявные конечноразностные вычислительные алгоритмы для решения систем уравнений математической модели. На основании вычислительных экспериментов установлено, что быстрый пиролиз сосновых опилок, поступающих в разогретый реактор, возможен при размере их частиц, не превышающем 0,45 мм, влажности 10−15 мас. % и при температуре пиролиза выше 490 °С

Paramyxoviral zoonoses associated with Chiroptera

The paper describes natural historic aspects of emerging dangerous paromyxoviral infections associated with chiropteran reservoir species - Hedra, Nepah, Menangle viruses, their origin and spread

Association between placental insufficiency and manifestations of preeclampsia

Aim. Provide evidence for the connection between placental insufficiency and preeclampsia and rationalize a unified approach to the prevention of placenta associated disorders. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in two stages. At the first (clinical statistical) stage, the incidence rates of preeclampsia (PE) and placental insufficiency (PI) were compared based on the data from Rosstat and from a regional perinatal center for the past 25 years; the most informative predictors of PI and PE were compared using the known clinical epidemiological tests. At the second stage, a prospective study of 140 high-risk pregnant patients with severe PI was carried out to confirm and generalize the hypothesis on the common predictors of PI and PE. Two groups of patients were compared: I – 68 women with isolated PI and II – 72 women with PI combined with earlyor late-onset PE. The control group included 30 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Immunoenzyme assays, immunofluorescence, biochemical analyses, and morphological studies of placenta were used. Results. The incidence rates of PI and PE, both in the communities and in the tertiary care hospital, pointed to their intercorrelation. This similarity of informative values of PI and PE predictors related to the most important operational characteristics of clinical epidemiology indicates the lack of pathognomonic significance of the early predictors and, on the other hand, supports the concept of the common mechanisms of placenta-associated pregnancy complications. In pregnant women with a high risk of PI decompensation, PE developed in 51% of cases (early-onset – 72%, late-onset – 28%); of those, 18% were diagnosed with severe PE, and 33% – with moderate PE. The obtained data confirm that the manifestation of early-onset PE is pathogenetically related to structural and functional disorders of the early fetoplacental complex (FPC), while late-onset PE is associated with FPC changes in the subsequent stages of pregnancy, and with a synergistic effect of extragenital and obstetrical pathology. The proposed predictive model of PE connects the manifestation of PE with the status of the placenta. Conclusion. The knowledge of pathogenetically significant risk factors allows for stratifying pregnant women in order to conduct a common preventive monotherapy of placenta associated disorders. The present approach to the management of high-risk pregnancy is in line with the principles of 4Р-medicine

Features of formation of Yersinia enterocolitica biofilms

Aim: The work aimed to study the morphology of colonies and their comparison by features of the formation of Yersinia enterocolitica biofilms. Materials and Methods: Bacteria were cultured on a Yersinia Selective Agar medium ("CIN-agar") at 28°C for 24 h. The microorganisms were grown in meat-peptone broth with 1.0% glucose to measure the absolute values of the optical density of the culture. The optical density of the liquid was determined in a microplate photometric analyzer Immunochem-2100 (HTI, USA) at a wavelength of 490 nm. For the study of biofilms, the specimens were fixed for 3-5 h in pairs of 25.0% solution of glutaraldehyde (according to DV), and pairs of a 1.0% aqueous solution of osmic acid (OSO4) were used for contrasting for 2-3 min. The specimens were examined with stereoscopic microscopy "BIOMED MS-1 Stereo" (Russia) and scanning electron microscope "TM 3030 plus" (Holland). Results: With stereoscopic microscopy of the colonies of Y. enterocolitica, the S-forms had an elevated intensely colored center, radial striation along the periphery, smooth edges, d ≤ 1.0 mm. R-form colonies had a dark color and a dry surface, were tuberous and had a dense center with a peripheral ridge, rugged edges, d ≥ 1.5 mm. The optical density of the Y. enterocolitica S-form showed that this type of microorganism belongs to the moderate producers of biofilms since the optical density of the sample (density of the sample - Ds) exceeded the optical density of control (density of the control - Dc) by 3 times. In Y. enterocolitica R-form (D ≤ 0.197) weakly produced biofilms, the optical density of the sample exceeded the optical density of the control by <2 times. Conclusion: The ability to form biofilms, the variability of phenotypic features, and the multiplicity of virulence factors of bacteria significantly reduce the effectiveness of diagnostic studies. The development of accelerated methods of detection and differentiation of the virulent properties of pathogenic bacteria will allow scientifically to substantiate and develop a set of measures aimed at preventing animal diseases and obtaining safe livestock products to prevent human diseases. Thus, we need to pay attention to which forms of colonies do Y. enterocolitica form on solid nutrient media: S- or R-forms. Through this study, we know that bacteria-forming S-shaped colonies are more capable of forming biofilms than R-forms. It means that they are more pathogenic and can cause persistent infections due to adhesion and biofilm formation

Features of formation of Yersinia enterocolitica biofilms

Aim: The work aimed to study the morphology of colonies and their comparison by features of the formation of Yersinia enterocolitica biofilms. Materials and Methods: Bacteria were cultured on a Yersinia Selective Agar medium (“CIN-agar”) at 28°C for 24 h. The microorganisms were grown in meat-peptone broth with 1.0% glucose to measure the absolute values of the optical density of the culture. The optical density of the liquid was determined in a microplate photometric analyzer Immunochem-2100 (HTI, USA) at a wavelength of 490 nm. For the study of biofilms, the specimens were fixed for 3-5 h in pairs of 25.0% solution of glutaraldehyde (according to DV), and pairs of a 1.0% aqueous solution of osmic acid (OSO4) were used for contrasting for 2-3 min. The specimens were examined with stereoscopic microscopy “BIOMED MS-1 Stereo” (Russia) and scanning electron microscope “TM 3030 plus” (Holland). Results: With stereoscopic microscopy of the colonies of Y. enterocolitica, the S-forms had an elevated intensely colored center, radial striation along the periphery, smooth edges, d ≤ 1.0 mm. R-form colonies had a dark color and a dry surface, were tuberous and had a dense center with a peripheral ridge, rugged edges, d ≥ 1.5 mm. The optical density of the Y. enterocolitica S-form showed that this type of microorganism belongs to the moderate producers of biofilms since the optical density of the sample (density of the sample - Ds) exceeded the optical density of control (density of the control - Dс) by 3 times. In Y. enterocolitica R-form (D ≤ 0.197) weakly produced biofilms, the optical density of the sample exceeded the optical density of the control by &lt;2 times. Conclusion: The ability to form biofilms, the variability of phenotypic features, and the multiplicity of virulence factors of bacteria significantly reduce the effectiveness of diagnostic studies. The development of accelerated methods of detection and differentiation of the virulent properties of pathogenic bacteria will allow scientifically to substantiate and develop a set of measures aimed at preventing animal diseases and obtaining safe livestock products to prevent human diseases. Thus, we need to pay attention to which forms of colonies do Y. enterocolitica form on solid nutrient media: S- or R-forms. Through this study, we know that bacteria-forming S-shaped colonies are more capable of forming biofilms than R-forms. It means that they are more pathogenic and can cause persistent infections due to adhesion and biofilm formation. Copyright: Lenchenko, et al

Poultry salmonella sensitivity to antibiotics

The objects of study were microorganisms, isolated from pathological material of chicken breeds "RoSS 208" and "Luong Phuong"; ducklings breeds "C. V. super M" and a "Khaki Campbell"; quails breed "Coturnix". In 499 samples of the birds material we discovered 153 microorganisms cultures of the genus Salmonella, which were 30.66 % of the total number of selected microorganisms cultures, including S. typhimurium - 60 (39.22 %) strains; S. albany - 32 (of 20.92 %); S. enteritidis - 20 (13.07 %); S. hadar - 9 (5.88%); S. agona and S. thompson - 5 (3.27 %); S. indiana - 4 (2.61 %); S. heidelberg, S. mbandaka and S. shalkwijk - 3 (1.96 %); S. give - 2 (1.31 %); S. derby and S. havana - 1 (0.65 %); other serovar - 5 (3.27 %). It was found that 70.0 % of the studied strains were sensitive to drugs of the fluoroquinolone group (nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin), 66.67 % - cephalosporins (ceftazidim). 83.33 % of strains were resistant to tetracycline drugs (tetracycline); 63.33 % - β-lactams (ampicillin); 56.67 % - aminoglycosides (gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin); 46.67 % - sulfonamides (trimethoprim). The minimum inhibitory concentration ("MIC") were established at the intersection of the growth suppression zone and the test strip "E-test": ampicillin-512 μg/ml; tetracycline - 64 μg/ml; gentamicin - 2 μg/ml; ciprofloxacin - 1 μg/ml; norfloxacin - 0.38 μg/ml and ceftazidim - 0.19 μg/ml. The amplitude values ranged from 0.019 μg/ml to 512 μg/ml. © Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

Evaluation of the short-term efficacy and safety of biological agents in different rheumatic diseases: a multidisciplinary therapeutic hospital"s experience

There has been a substantial expansion in the possibilities of current therapy for rheumatic diseases (RD) primarily due to the use of genetically engineered biological agents (GEBA). Objective: to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of GEBA in patients with different RD. Subjects and methods. The trial included all RD patients receiving GEBA: rituximab (RTM), infliximab (INF), adalimumab, etanercept, tocilizumab, abatacept in 2009-2012. Therapeutic efficiency and safety were evaluated 6 months later. The effect of GEBA was determined as “remission”, “improvement”, and “no response”, by using the parameters peculiar to specific diseases (such as BVAS, DAS28, BASDAI). Results. The trial enrolled 107 patients (49 men and 58 women; mean age 41.5 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (n=34), ANCA-associated vasculitis (n = 34), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=16), cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (n=11), ankylosing spondyloarthritis (n = 8), systemic vasculitis with large artery involvement (n=6), and other RD. All the cases showed severe systemic autoimmune disease refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy. RTM (n=66) and INF (n = 31) were most frequently used. The high rate of RTM prescription was due to the fact that this drug was given to all patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis who totaled more than half of the patients included into the trial. The vast majority of them received GEBA for the first time. After the treatment, there was remission in 62 (57.9%) and improvement in 42 (39.3%) cases. Mild or moderate adverse reactions were observed in 22 (20.6%) patients and severe ones were seen in 6 (5.6%). Conclusion. GEBA therapy ensures a significant improvement in a substantial proportion of patients with different RD refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy