Evaluation of Surface Water Quality Using Water Quality Index (WQI) and GIS Tool Of Anantapur Location

The objective of this study is to estimate the quality of surface water in a semi-arid area of India, specifically in the pond located in Old Town, BKS Katta Road, Anantapur. The water quality index (WQI) is used to calculate the quality of the water samples taken from the pond, and a map of the water quality was created using geographic information system (GIS). The samples were analyzed for various factors including Electrical Conductivity (EC), Odour, Taste, pH, Temperature, Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Bicarbonate (HCO-3), Chloride (Cl-), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Nitrate (NO-3) and Iron (Fe-). Based on these analyses, spatial distribution maps were also prepared using GIS. The WQI values swayed from 61.875 to 74, ensuring that the pond water samples were of the highest quality and safe for direct consumption

Radix formation between median and musculocutaneous nerves: embryological, morphological and clinical correlation

In ours study we report radix formation between median nerve and musculocutaneous nerves. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda Dt., Andhra Pradesh, India. During routine cadaveric dissections in the upper limbs, we observed an anastomosis (radix) between median and musculocutaneous nerves in the arm. Variations in the origin, course, branching pattern, communications was observed. These variations have clinical significance in brachial plexus block and surgical procedures

One-Pot Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand- and Metal-Oxidant-Free Aerobic Oxidative Isocyanide Insertion Leading to 2-Amino-substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones

An efficient, ligand- and metal-oxidant-free, one-pot, cascade aerobic oxidative, palladium-catalyzed, multicomponent reaction has been developed through isocyanide insertion of less active secondary amide and aromatic amine, which leads to 2-amino-substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones. This approach proves to be one of the simplest methods for the synthesis of this class of valuable bioactive heterocyclic scaffolds

Palladium Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Isocyanide Insertion Leading to 2-Amino Substituted 4(3H)-Quinazolinones

An efficient one-pot cascade aerobic oxidative palladium-catalyzed multicomponent reaction was developed through isocyanide insertion between less active amide NH and aromatic amine. This approach leads to an efficient synthesis of 2- amino-substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinones

Angiosomes of medial cord of brachial plexus

This anatomical study analyzed the neurovascular relationship of the brachial plexus. Ten formalized specimens of brachial plexuses were examined after injection of lead oxide in to the subclavian artery. The vascular, anatomical features of the brachial plexus were documented .The specimens were analyzed by dissection method, subjected for microscopic study. The vascular supply was markedly rich, often with true anastomotic channels found within the nerves. There was much variation in supply, depending on the branching pattern of subclavian artery

Hyperv Alent Iodine Mediated Oxidative Annulations and cross Dehydrogenative Couplings

Iodine is a special element. Its speciality lies in the fact that it is the heaviest non radioactive element in the periodic table and it is the most polarizable of the halogens. Amongst many iodine compounds that we have observed hypervalent(polyvalent )iodine compounds are the best. The time from 1990 onwards has seen a streak advancement of the applications of Hypervalent Iodine in organic synthesis. Hypervalent iodine compounds have received considerable attention these years because of their non toxic ,recyclable, oxidizing, electrophilic characteristics. Hypervalent Iodine compounds are not only used as SET reagents but also they are used in delivery of many functional groups. They are also used in Azidation ,Aminations, Radical fragmentations ,Oxidative Coupling of aromatic substrates, Oxidation of alkenes and alkynes, Thiocyanations, Arylselenations. Poly Iodide compounds are also used for facile and efficient oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones. PhIO2 can generate the alkoxy radicals from alcohols in certain photochemical reactions. Hypervalent iodine reagents are also used as polymerization initiators(ex Diaryl iodonium salts). There are many hypervalent iodine reagents. To name a few we have PIDA, PIFA ,IBX,DMP etc. Chemists have successfully conducted the reactions of hypervalent iodine in water,recyclable organic solvents, and also in solvent free conditions. Several reviews and books have been published regarding hypervalent iodine which have described its chararcteristics .We have compiled authentic information from 2009-2016 regarding application of hypervalent iodine

Transition-Metal-Free Direct C(sp3)-H Functionalization leading to Aza-γ-Carboline Alkaloid Analogues in Cascade Fashion

Iodine promoted cascade reaction has been developed for the synthesis of unrivalled Aza-γ-carboline alkaloid analogues via C-H functionalization of 2H-indazoles. The construction of the product has been realized under metal-free condition via in situ formation of imine, transimination followed by cyclization. In this present method iodine played a triple role, in imine formation, transimination and imine activation. The key features of the present protocol are metal-free, peroxide-free, operational simplicity and wide substrates scope

Synthesis and Application of Indole and Carbazole Based Organic Dyes in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

New organic dyes containing Indole and Carbazole moieties, respectively, as the electron donors, and Barbituric acid, N-acyloxindole moieties as the electron acceptors/anchoring groups have been synthesized and characterized. The influence of heteroatoms on Indole, Carbazole as a donor and the carbonyl-substitution on Barbituric acid and N-acyloxindole as an acceptor is evidenced by spectral, electrochemical,and density functional theory calculations

Sustainable Approaches for the site-selective C-H Functionalization of 2H-Indazoles

Heterocyclic moieties are a prominent feature present in natural products, drug molecules and known for their various properties. Especially nitrogen heterocycles are of particular interest in medicinal chemistry, due to their diverse and significant biological properties. Nature has displayed infinite diversity to incorporate these heterocycle scaffolds into a complex structure through evolution. Natural products confine to be the greatest inspiration in drug discovery. The structural complexity and variety of natural products demand developing efficient synthetic methods in green, and sustainable manner was achieved via CH functionalization/activation. Construction of C-C and C-X bonds via C-H bond activation/functionalization has attracted considerable attention in the past decades. However, selective C-H activation has been a challenging task, owing to the ubiquitous nature of the C-H bond in organic molecules. In this aspect, along with transition-metal catalyzed C-H functionalization, recently alternative, metal-free versions have become very important due to economic and environmental concerns. A highly atom economical, efficient and yet environmentally friendly method has been the prime synthetic target to be achieved by the chemists for synthesizing complex heterocycles, since last few decades. Inspired by this, more recent research has been focused on the C-H functionalization of Heteroarenes/arenes, especially radical C-H functionalization become fascinating sustainable method. In this context, we were inspired to take up the challenge of developing novel regioselective C-H functionalization of Heteroarenes to the synthesis of functionalized privileged heterocyclic scaffolds. Accordingly, we have developed a sustainable approach for the site-selective C-H functionalization of 2H-indazoles

An Access to Fully Substituted β-Iodo N-Arylated Enamines via Dehydrogenative Iodoarylation of Vinylogous Carbamates Using Phenyliodine(III)diacetate(PIDA)

A novel and facile dehydrogenative iodoarylation of N-aryl vinylogous carbamates with hypervalent iodine (III) as the source of aryl and iodide has been developed. This protocol provides a valuable synthetic tool for the assembly of a wide range of β-iodo N-arylated enamines under mild conditions with functional group tolerance and scalability. This attractive route for the synthesis of β-iodo N-arylated enamines is of great importance due to the product versatile reactivity for further transformations