Stylised features of price setting behaviour in Portugal: 1992-2001

This paper identifies the empirical stylized features of price setting behaviour in Portugal using the micro-datasets underlying the consumer and the producer price indexes. The main conclusions are the following: 1 in every 4 prices change each month; there is a considerable degree of heterogeneity in price setting practices; consumer prices of goods change more often than consumer prices of services; producer prices of consumption goods vary more often than producer prices of intermediate goods; for comparable commodities, consumer prices change more often than producer prices; price reductions are common, as they account for around 40 per cent of total price changes; price changes are, in general, sizeable; finally, the price setting patterns at the consumer level seem to depend on the level of inflation as well as on the type of outlet. JEL Classification: E31, E32, L11consumer prices, frequency of price changes, price setting, producer prices

Indestructibility of compact spaces

In this article we investigate which compact spaces remain compact under countably closed forcing. We prove that, assuming the Continuum Hypothesis, the natural generalizations to $\omega_1$-sequences of the selection principle and topological game versions of the Rothberger property are not equivalent, even for compact spaces. We also show that Tall and Usuba's "$\aleph_1$-Borel Conjecture" is equiconsistent with the existence of an inaccessible cardinal.Comment: 18 page

The shape and mechanics of curved fold origami structures

We develop recursion equations to describe the three-dimensional shape of a sheet upon which a series of concentric curved folds have been inscribed. In the case of no stretching outside the fold, the three-dimensional shape of a single fold prescribes the shape of the entire origami structure. To better explore these structures, we derive continuum equations, valid in the limit of vanishing spacing between folds, to describe the smooth surface intersecting all the mountain folds. We find that this surface has negative Gaussian curvature with magnitude equal to the square of the fold's torsion. A series of open folds with constant fold angle generate a helicoid

Influence of Leadership Style and Compensation Against Employee Performance Through Motivation (Case Study on Employee of Production Department of PT. Dwimatama Multikarsa, Fertilizer Packing Unit, Tanjung Emas Semarang)

Can affect the performance of the employees. Among them is the style of leadership, compensation and motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine how far the influence of the leadership style t and compensation hrough motivationon employee performance. The problem in this research is the company has already provided adequate compensation and leadership style that is able to communicate well and motivated employees to be more passion in work , but performance of employees assigned has never been achieved. This study uses the type of explanatory research studies on PT. Dwimatama Multikarsa, sampling technique used is Simple random sampling. The technique of collecting data was made through questionnaires. Data were statistically analyzed with simple linear regression, regression, t test, F test, and path analysis.The results of the calculation is Y2 = 11.316 + 0.267 + 0.597 X1 + 0.915 X2 Y1, indicating that the leadership style (X1), compensation (X2) and motivation (Y1) positively influence employee performance (Y2), which means that the better assessment of respondents' leadership style, compensation and motivation lead to higher performance for PT. Dwimatama Multikarsa, fertilizer packing unit, Tanjung Emas Semarang. It can be proved that the style of leadership and compensation through motivation affect employee performance. The conclusion of this study is that there is influence of leadership style, compensation and motivation on employee performance of PT.Dwimatama Multikarsa. Advice: Compensation generally has been good and in accordance with the minimum wage prevailing in the area, but the need for and type of work and duration of work , must be kept in mind

Models for the 3-D axisymmetric gravitational potential of the Milky Way Galaxy - A detailed modelling of the Galactic disk

Aims. Galaxy mass models based on simple and analytical functions for the density and potential pairs have been widely proposed in the literature. Disk models constrained by kinematic data alone give information on the global disk structure only very near the Galactic plane. We attempt to circumvent this issue by constructing disk mass models whose three-dimensional structures are constrained by a recent Galactic star counts model in the near-infrared and also by observations of the hydrogen distribution in the disk. Our main aim is to provide models for the gravitational potential of the Galaxy that are fully analytical but also with a more realistic description of the density distribution in the disk component. Methods. From the disk model directly based on the observations (here divided into the thin and thick stellar disks and the HI and H$_2$ disks subcomponents), we produce fitted mass models by combining three Miyamoto-Nagai disk profiles of any "model order" (1, 2, or 3) for each disk subcomponent. The Miyamoto-Nagai disks are combined with models for the bulge and "dark halo" components and the total set of parameters is adjusted by observational kinematic constraints. A model which includes a ring density structure in the disk, beyond the solar Galactic radius, is also investigated. Results. The Galactic mass models return very good matches to the imposed observational constraints. In particular, the model with the ring density structure provides a greater contribution of the disk to the rotational support inside the solar circle. The gravitational potential models and their associated force-fields are described in analytically closed forms, and in addition, they are also compatible with our best knowledge of the stellar and gas distributions in the disk component. The gravitational potential models are suited for investigations of orbits in the Galactic disk.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures, 11 tables, accepted for publication in A&

Naturally light invisible axion and local Z_{13} times Z_3 symmetries

We show that by imposing local $Z_{13}\otimes Z_3$ symmetries in an $SU(2)\otimes U(1)$ electroweak model we can implement an invisible axion in such a way that (i) the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is an automatic symmetry of the classical Lagrangian; and (ii) the axion is protected from semi classical gravitational effects. In order to be able to implement such a large discrete symmetry, and at the same time allow a general mixing in each charge sector, we introduce right-handed neutrinos and enlarge the scalar sector of the model. The domain wall problem is briefly considered.Comment: PQ charges and typos correcte