6,560 research outputs found
Effects of initial state fluctuations on jet energy loss
The effect of initial state fluctuations on jet energy loss in relativistic
heavy-ion collisions is studied in a 2+1 dimension ideal hydrodynamic model.
Within the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD description of hard
scatterings, we find that a jet loses slightly more energy in the expanding
quark-gluon plasma if the latter is described by the hydrodynamic evolution
with fluctuating initial conditions compared to the case with smooth initial
conditions. A detailed analysis indicates that this is mainly due to the
positive correlation between the fluctuation in the production probability of
parton jets from initial nucleon-nucleon hard collisions and the fluctuation in
the medium density along the path traversed by the jet. This effect is larger
in non-central than in central relativistic heavy ion collisions and also for
jet energy loss that has a linear than a quadratic dependence on its path
length in the medium
High-energy behavior of the nuclear symmetry potential in asymmetric nuclear matter
Using the relativistic impulse approximation with empirical NN scattering
amplitude and the nuclear scalar and vector densities from the relativistic
mean-field theory, we evaluate the Dirac optical potential for neutrons and
protons in asymmetric nuclear matter. From the resulting Schr\"{o}%
dinger-equivalent potential, the high energy behavior of the nuclear symmetry
potential is studied. We find that the symmetry potential at fixed baryon
density is essentially constant once the nucleon kinetic energy is greater than
about 500 MeV. Moreover, for such high energy nucleon, the symmetry potential
is slightly negative below a baryon density of about fm
and then increases almost linearly to positive values at high densities. Our
results thus provide an important constraint on the energy and density
dependence of nuclear symmetry potential in asymmetric nuclear matter.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, revised version, to appear in PR
A Novel Cable-Driven Robotic Training Improves Locomotor Function in Individuals Post-Stroke
A novel cable-driven robotic gait training system has been tested to improve the locomotor function in individuals post stroke. Seven subjects with chronic stroke were recruited to participate in this 6 weeks robot-assisted treadmill training paradigm. A controlled assistance force was applied to the paretic leg at the ankle through a cable-driven robotic system. The force was applied from late stance to mid-swing during treadmill training. Body weight support was provided as necessary to prevent knee buckling or toe drag. Subjects were trained 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Overground gait speed, 6 minute walking distance, and balance were evaluated at pre, post 6 weeks robotic training, and at 8 weeks follow up. Significant improvements in gait speed and 6 minute walking distance were obtained following robotic treadmill training through a cable-driven robotic system. Results from this study indicate that it is feasible to improve the locomotor function in individuals post stroke through a flexible cable-driven robot
Design and performance of a shunt active power filter for three-phase four-wire system
Author name used in this publication: K. W. E. ChengVersion of RecordPublishe
Determination of the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy from isospin diffusion
With an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model, we find that the
degree of isospin diffusion in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies is
affected by both the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy and the momentum
dependence of the nucleon potential. Using a momentum dependence derived from
the Gogny effective interaction, recent experimental data from NSCL/MSU on
isospin diffusion are shown to be consistent with a nuclear symmetry energy
given by at
subnormal densities. This leads to a significantly constrained value of about
-550 MeV for the isospin-dependent part of the isobaric incompressibility of
isospin asymmetric nuclear matter.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, revised version, to appear in PR
Buneman instability in a magnetized current-carrying plasma with velocity shear
Buneman instability is often driven in magnetic reconnection. Understanding
how velocity shear in the beams driving the Buneman instability affects the
growth and saturation of waves is relevant to turbulence, heating, and
diffusion in magnetic reconnection. Using a Mathieu-equation analysis for weak
cosine velocity shear together with Vlasov simulations, the effects of shear on
the kinetic Buneman instability are studied in a plasma consisting of strongly
magnetized electrons and cold unmagnetized ions. In the linearly unstable
phase, shear enhances the coupling between oblique waves and the sheared
electron beam, resulting in a wider range of unstable eigenmodes with common
lower growth rates. The wave couplings generate new features of the electric
fields in space, which can persist into the nonlinear phase when electron holes
form. Lower hybrid instabilities simultaneously occur at
with a much lower growth
rate, and are not affected by the velocity shear.Comment: Accepted by Physics of Plasm
It\u27s getting complicated-A fresh look at p53-MDM2-ARF triangle in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy
Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies\u27 greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies
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