Perfil epidemiológico da raiva na região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo no período de 1993 a 2007 Epidemiological profile of rabies in the northwestern region of São Paulo State, from 1993 to 2007

Descreve-se a epidemiologia da raiva animal na região de Araçatuba, noroeste do estado de São Paulo, durante o período de 1993 a 2007, com base nos resultados dos diagnósticos realizados em laboratórios da região, utilizando as técnicas de imunofluorescência direta e inoculação intracerebral em camundongos. De 10.579 amostras analisadas, 4,9% foram positivas (518/10.579). Os casos em cães corresponderam a 67% (346/518) do total e ocorreram entre 1993 a 1997. Dentre as demais amostras positivas, 16% do total (84/518) foi detectado em bovinos e 9,7% (50/518) em morcegos. Dos 42 municípios da região, 23 (55%) apresentaram pelo menos um caso positivo da doença, sendo que 13 deles registraram casos em morcegos. Foram identificados três ciclos distintos da raiva na região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, o ciclo urbano caracterizado predominantemente pela raiva canina (1993 a 1997) e os ciclos aéreo e rural, a partir de 1998 com predominância de casos em quirópteros nas áreas urbanas e em herbívoros.<br>The epidemiology of animal rabies in the region of Araçatuba, in the northwest of São Paulo State, from 1993 to 2007, is described according to the results from diagnoses made at laboratories in the region, using the fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests. Out of 10,579 samples analyzed, 4.9% were positive (518/10,579). Dogs accounted for 67% of the cases (346/518) and these occurred between 1993 and 1997. Among the other positive samples, 16% (84/518) were in cattle and 9.7% (50/518) were in bats. Among the 42 municipalities in the region, 23 (55%) presented at least one rabies-positive case, while 13 of them had cases in bats. Three distinct cycles of rabies were identified in the northwestern region of the State of São Paulo: the urban cycle characterized predominantly by canine rabies (1993 to 1997); and the aerial and rural cycles starting in 1998, with predominance of cases in bats in urban areas and in herbivores

Genetic characterization of rabies viruses isolated from frugivorous bat (Artibeus spp.) in Brazil

In Latin America, rabies cases related to frugivorous bats have been reported since 1930's. Recently, two viruses isolated from Artibeus lituratus were proved to be vampire bat variants by monoclonal antibodies panels [2], but their genetic information is not well known. In this report, four rabies viruses were isolated from frugivorous bats (Artibeus spp.) in Brazil and their nucleoprotein gene sequences were determined. These isolates were found to be genotype 1 of lyssavirus and showed the maximum nucleotide sequence homology of 97.6-99.4% with vampire bat-related viruses in Brazil [6]. These results indicate that the Brazilian frugivorous bat rabies viruses in this study are closely related to vampire bat-related viruses that play a main role in rabies virus transmission to livestock in Brazil