13 research outputs found
MODELLING THE LOCAL VARIATION OF AQUIFER PARAMETERS WITH THE HELP OF THE ANALYTIC ELEMENT METHOD
The Analytic Element Method (AEM) for groundwater flow modelling and also
its application possibilities were presented in an earlier volume, [2,3].
The present paper focuses on one
certain element of it, the so-called inhomogeneity. The inhomogeneity
describes the local variation of aquifer parameters, like its thickness,
base elevation or permeability. After a short introduction of the method,
the mathematical description and application conditions for the different
approaches of inhomogeneities are given in details. Finally, some
recommendations are given to help in the decision which approach to use
River - Groundwater Interaction over the Region of INFOPARK-Budapest
The region around the former Kopaszi-sandbank, a shallow, degraded part of the river Danube is now a dynamically developing district of the capital with a campus and the so-called INFOPARK. As the area itself was filled with various type of material during the last century, due to the prescription of the environmental authority regular control of the water quality parameters is introduced. Several groups of observation well were set to for the monthly observation of water quality parameters and the groundwater levels, as well. These levels are influenced by natural processes like the regime of the river or the precipitation, and by the buildings with foundations reaching the aquifer. The aim of this study is to show the interaction between the river and groundwater levels with special respect to the effects of buildings with deep foundations
THE APPLICATION OF THE TECHNICAL-ECONOMICAL INDEXES FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE PRIMARY LAND DRAINAGE NETWORK
A set of technical-economical indexes was introduced in an
earlier paper of this volume to
evaluate the land drainage canal network of state property in Hungary. The catchments of
theses canals form areal units, the so-called land drainage systems. This
paper introduces the
application of the method for the description and comparison of these areal
units with the help of case studies.
These case studies cover the fields of a national level grading, the sharing
of reconstruction costs, the interest rates of multifunction canals as regional
problems.
A smaller scale grading is also given to determine an inlet restriction policy
in case of a recipient with limited capacity
THE APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTIC ELEMENT METHOD FOR REGIONAL GROUNDWATER PROBLEMS
The analytic element method for groundwater flow modelling is presented earlier in this
volume. This paper introduces its application for regional groundwater flow problems. Three
examples are discussed, each of them describes the effects of different
interventions in surface
waters. The first one examines how the modified operation of a river barrage influences the
groundwater regime around a village. The second example shows how different versions of a
planned canal can be evaluated from the point of view of groundwater. Finally, the third case
study examines the enlargement of gravel pits. Though in each case a short solution for the
technical questions is also given, the paper rather focuses on the
applicability of the method
TECHNICAL-ECONOMICAL BACKGROUNDS FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE PRIMARY LAND DRAINAGE NETWORK
There is a dense land drainage canal network of state property in the lowland area of Hungary.
Based on the catchment area of these canals, a set of areal units, the so-called land drainage
systems are organised. The management of such a network always requires carefully made
decisions. This paper introduces a method for the description and comparison of these areal
units on a technical-economical basis. The method is based on well founded data giving
general information about the area concerned, and provides a clear set of indexes for the
evaluation. Though they are never the only parameters to be considered, the method is
suitable to support a wide range of decisions on national, regional and local level
COMPUTATION OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW DEVELOPING IN THE INTERNAL LAKE OF KIS-BALATON
The hydraulical phenomena in nature are three-dimensional (3D) and varying in time.
In most practical cases it is sufficient to consider those phenomena as two-dimensional (2D) in
the horizontal plane and varying in time. These phenomena occur primarily 'where the accelera-
tion along the vertical direction is negligible compared to the gravitational one. Disregarding
the variation of hydraulical parameters along the vertical direction we obtain a homogeneous
horizontal flow. This phenomenon is described by the relatively simple Reynolds equations.
In most practical cases the variation of velocity along the vertical direction has to be taken
into account. The integral equations in which the depth average is taken into account are
approaching the three-dimensional phenomena rather well.
In our study we performed the result of our several years' research in the field of mathe-
matical modelling of two-dimensional hydrodynamical and transport processes.
The mathematical background was introduced in paragraph 1. We showed how the two-
dimensional equations (7)-(9) can be achieved from Reynolds equations, valid for the time
averaged mean hydraulic characteristics at a certain point of a three-dimensional turbulent
flow. After deriving a closed set of equations, which can be solved, we introduced the numerical
solution method of the implicit finite differences in four steps and in alternative direction.
We showed the calibration of the model to prove the accuracy of the results in paragraph
2. That is why we compared the results of our model with laboratory measurements. We
simulated the phenomenon forming at the tailbay of a hydropower station and compared the
flow patterns of the mathematical and physical models (Figs 2 and 3). We proved, that our
model and its computer program are suitable for the computation of flows that may be as-
sumed as two-dimensional in the horizontal plane.
In paragraph 3 the application of the model for the Internal Lake of Kis-Balaton is
shown. We computed the near steady flow pattern, which forms when both the water intake
and outlet was 10 m 8/s (Fig. 4).
Sensitivity tests were performed for both the velocity coefficient, C (Fig. 5) and the eddy
viscosity, v. We established that neither the determination of C nor that of v needs field measure-
ments. Satisfactory accuracy can be achieved if one uses the values and formulae based on
former experiences, laboratory experiments or data found in some publications for the estima-
tion of C and v.
In paragraph 4 we briefly performed the application of the transport-diffusion equation
for the Internal Lake of Kis-Balaton. With the help of an example it is shown, that we can
compute the concentration of pollutants in a two dimensional space, varying in time (Figs 6
and 7)
Infantilis haemangioma: klinikai és demográfiai jellemzők, kezelésében és gondozásában szerzett tapasztalatok az SZTE Bőrgyógyászati és Allergológiai Klinikán
Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: Az infantilis haemangioma a leggyakoribb csecsemő- és
kisdedkori vascularis tumor; speciális, különleges klinikai lefolyásának, magas
spontán remissziós hajlamának köszönhetően általában nem igényel bőrgyógyászati
kezelést. A tumorok 10–15%-a azonban komoly szövődményeket okozhat, ezen utóbbi
esetek speciális kezelést és szoros utánkövetést igényelnek.
Célkitűzés: A szerzők célkitűzése az volt, hogy négy és fél
éves vizsgálati periódus során feldolgozzák a Szegedi Tudományegyetem
Bőrgyógyászati és Allergológiai Klinikájának Gyermekbőrgyógyászati
Szakrendelésén infantilis haemangioma miatt kezelt betegek adatait, és
bemutassák a kezelést igénylő esetek kapcsán szerzett tapasztalataikat.
Módszer: Részletesen vizsgálták a csecsemők demográfiai
adatait (nem, gesztációs kor és gesztációs súly, perinatalis anamnézis, édesanya
terhességi kórtörténete), az infantilis haemangioma miatt bőrgyógyászati
szakrendelésen való megjelenés idejét, a tumorok számát, klinikai altípusát és
anatómiai lokalizációját, a tumorokkal kapcsolatosan jelentkező szövődményeket.
Ezt követően részletesen elemezték a kezelés módját, időtartamát,
eredményességét és a gyógyszeres kezelés során fellépő mellékhatásokat.
Eredmények: A vizsgálati periódus alatt 96 gyermeket
észleltek infantilis haemangioma diagnózissal összesen 163 tumorral. 54 esetben
elegendő volt a rendszeres obszerváció, míg 42 gyermek esetén helyi vagy
szisztémás béta-blokkoló kezelés beállítása volt indokolt. A kezelt csoportban
valamennyi esetben a tumorok regressziója következett be, mellékhatás mindössze
hat esetben jelentkezett. A béta-blokkoló kezelést igénylő gyermekek átlagos
gesztációs kora és gesztációs súlya szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt a kezelést
nem igénylő gyermekekéhez képest. Következtetések: A komplikált
infantilis haemangiomák kezelésében jelenleg a szisztémás propranololkezelés az
első vonalbeli terápia. Eredményeink egyértelműen megerősítik a gyógyszer kiváló
terápiás effektusát. Jelentős probléma, hogy a gyermekek sok esetben későn
kerülnek a tumorok kezelésében jártas bőrgyógyászati centrumokba. A korai
életkorban elkezdett terápia jelentősége hangsúlyozandó. Orv Hetil. 2017;
158(39): 1535–1544.
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Abstract:
Introduction: Infantile haemangiomas are the most common
vascular tumours of infancy. The vast majority of the lesions do not require
dermatological treatment due to their unique clinical course and the high rate
of spontaneous regression. Approximately 10–15% of the tumours result in severe
complications and sequale, requiring special management and close follow-up.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the data of
the patients treated with infantile haemangiomas, and to summarize the results
of the therapy during 4.5 years of study period, in the Paediatric Dermatology
Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Dermatology and Allergology, at the
University of Szeged. Method: Demographic data of the infants
(gender, gestational age and weight, perinatal history of the infant and medical
history of mothers), exact date of the visits at Paediatric Dermatology
Outpatient Clinic and tumour characteristics (number, subtype, anatomical
localisation and complications) were analysed in details. Treatment modalities
and therapy intervals, outcomes and the adverse events of the therapies were
also discussed in the survey. Results: During the study period,
96 infants with 163 infantile haemangiomas were observed. 54 patients required
regular observations, while 42 infants required local or systemic beta-blocker
therapy. All of the tumours treated with local or systemic therapy showed marked
clinical regression; adverse effects were observed in only 6 cases. The
gestational age and gestational weight of infants requiring beta-blocker therapy
was significantly lower as compared to children needed only observation.
Conclusions: Systemic propranolol is currently the
first-line treatment modality for complicated infantile haemangiomas. Our
results confirm the significant therapeutic efficacy of propranolol. Early
introduction of the treatment is relevant; unfortunately a great proportion of
patients are referred late to Paediatric Dermatology Centres. Orv Hetil. 2017;
158(39): 1535–1544