Las restricciones no arancelarias : los reglamentos técnicos y su impacto en el comercio peruano

El objetivo principal de esta tesis es medir el impacto de los reglamentos técnicos, sobre las exportaciones peruanas. El análisis estadístico y econométrico incluye los principales países de destino de los productos de exportación peruanos (entre otros, Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y la Comunidad Andina). Los resultados de este análisis indican que los reglamentos técnicos tienen un impacto negativo y estadísticamente significativo sobre el comercio peruano; ya sea el país importador: los países desarrollados o nuestros países vecinos. Una implicancia de estos resultados para el Perú (y los países en desarrollo los cuales enfrentan similares barreras al comercio) es que los acuerdos comerciales entre estos países y los países desarrollados pueden no tener efectos tan significativos al comercio a menos que estén acompañadas de reducciones en el número de los reglamentos técnicos al comercio.Tesi

Preferential Trade Agreements and Productivity: Evidence from Peru

This paper analyzes the impact of reducing output tariffs (i.e., domestic tariffs on import of final goods) and input tariffs (i.e., domestic tariffs on imports of intermediate goods) on total factor productivity growth of Peruvian manufacturing firms. Peru’s annual survey of manufacturing data from 2003–2017 is used to explore the reduction of tariffs during three preferential trade agreements: United States, China, and the European Union. Lower output tari˙s could decrease productivity by reducing firm’s market share or could increase productivity by inducing tougher import competition, while cheaper imported inputs can raise productivity via learning, variety, and quality effects. The results show that a decrease in output tariffs decreases Peruvian firms’ productivity growth for non-exporters (i.e., domestic firms producing goods that are also imported) while increasing productivity growth for exporters (i.e., domestic firms producing export goods). In contrast, a reduction in input tariffs increases firm productivity for all firms

Pay, productivity and management

Using confidential Census matched employer-employee earnings data we find that employees at more productive firms, and firms with more structured management practices, have substantially higher pay, both on average and across every percentile of the pay distribution. This pay-performance relationship is particularly strong amongst higher paid employees, with a doubling of firm productivity associated with 11% more pay for the highest-paid employee (likely the CEO) compared to 4.7% for the median worker. This pay-performance link holds in public and private firms, although it is almost twice as strong in public firms for the highest-paid employees. Top pay volatility is also strongly related to productivity and structured management, suggesting this performance-pay relationship arises from more aggressive monitoring and incentive practices for top earners

Barreras comerciales y su impacto en las exportaciones peruanas (1992-2002)

Using a straightforward and diverse methodology, this paper assesses and estimates the trade barriers impact on exports from the Peruvian economy. The results of the analysis indicate that Most Favored Nation (MFN) and Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) tariffs rates imposed by developed countries to Peruvian exports are relatively low and close to zero. Conversely, the number of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTB) and the average number of NTBs per export tariff line, specially the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), are relatively high. This difference produces a higher estimation of the export impact of the NTBs. An implication of these results is that the new wave of regional preferential trade agreements among developed and developing countries (which face similar trade barriers structure as the Peruvian case) may not have meaningful effects on trade flows unless it is accompanied by substantial reductions in the number of NTBs per export tariff line.Non-Tariff Barriers (NTB), Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), tariffs.