MCT1 in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Monocarboxylate Metabolism and Aggressive Breast Cancer.

Introduction: Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) is an importer of monocarboxylates such as lactate and pyruvate and a marker of mitochondrial metabolism. MCT1 is highly expressed in a subgroup of cancer cells to allow for catabolite uptake from the tumor microenvironment to support mitochondrial metabolism. We studied the protein expression of MCT1 in a broad group of breast invasive ductal carcinoma specimens to determine its association with breast cancer subtypes and outcomes. Methods: MCT1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue micro-arrays (TMA) obtained through our tumor bank. Two hundred and fifty-seven cases were analyzed: 180 cases were estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor positive (ER+ and/or PR+), 62 cases were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+), and 56 cases were triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). MCT1 expression was quantified by digital pathology with Aperio software. The intensity of the staining was measured on a continuous scale (0-black to 255-bright white) using a co-localization algorithm. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed model. Results: High MCT1 expression was more commonly found in TNBC compared to ER+ and/or PR+ and compared to HER-2+ (p \u3c 0.001). Tumors with an in-situ component were less likely to stain strongly for MCT1 (p \u3c 0.05). High nuclear grade was associated with higher MCT1 staining (p \u3c 0.01). Higher T stage tumors were noted to have a higher expression of MCT1 (p \u3c 0.05). High MCT1 staining in cancer cells was associated with shorter progression free survival, increased risk of recurrence, and larger size independent of TNBC status (p \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: MCT1 expression, which is a marker of high catabolite uptake and mitochondrial metabolism, is associated with recurrence in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. MCT1 expression as quantified with digital image analysis may be useful as a prognostic biomarker and to design clinical trials using MCT1 inhibitors

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Breast

INTRODUCTION Small cell carcinoma of the breast (SCCB) is a rare, highly aggressive neoplasm first reported in 1983. With striking histologic similarity to small cell carcinoma of the lung, it is comprised of small cells with relatively large, hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. While capable of hormone secretion, this is a rare occurrence in this variant of small cell carcinoma. Patients typically present with a suspicious breast mass confirmed on imaging, with variable lymph node invasion

Sup_Fig_3 – Supplemental material for Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Biomarkers Are Associated with Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer

<p>Supplemental material, Sup_Fig_3 for Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Biomarkers Are Associated with Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer by Giovanni M Pitari, Paolo Cotzia, Mehboob Ali, Ruth Birbe, Wendy Rizzo, Alessandro Bombonati, Juan Palazzo, Charalambos Solomides, Anthony P Shuber, Frank A Sinicrope and David S Zuzga in Biomarkers in Cancer</p

Sup_Fig_1 – Supplemental material for Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Biomarkers Are Associated with Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer

<p>Supplemental material, Sup_Fig_1 for Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Biomarkers Are Associated with Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer by Giovanni M Pitari, Paolo Cotzia, Mehboob Ali, Ruth Birbe, Wendy Rizzo, Alessandro Bombonati, Juan Palazzo, Charalambos Solomides, Anthony P Shuber, Frank A Sinicrope and David S Zuzga in Biomarkers in Cancer</p