7,111 research outputs found
Decay Process for Three - Species Reaction - Diffusion System
We propose the deterministic rate equation of three-species in the reaction -
diffusion system. For this case, our purpose is to carry out the decay process
in our three-species reaction-diffusion model of the form . The
particle density and the global reaction rate are also shown analytically and
numerically on a two-dimensional square lattice with the periodic boundary
conditions. Especially, the crossover of the global reaction rate is discussed
in both early-time and long-time regimes.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Late
Normal-superfluid interaction dynamics in a spinor Bose gas
Coherent behavior of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates is studied in the
presence of a significant uncondensed (normal) component. Normal-superfluid
exchange scattering leads to a near-perfect local alignment between the spin
fields of the two components. Through this spin locking, spin-domain formation
in the condensate is vastly accelerated as the spin populations in the
condensate are entrained by large-amplitude spin waves in the normal component.
We present data evincing the normal-superfluid spin dynamics in this regime of
complicated interdependent behavior.Comment: 5 pages, 4 fig
Persistence in systems with conserved order parameter
We consider the low-temperature coarsening dynamics of a one-dimensional
Ising ferromagnet with conserved Kawasaki-like dynamics in the domain
representation. Domains diffuse with size-dependent diffusion constant, with . We generalize this model to arbitrary
, and derive an expression for the domain density, with , using a scaling argument. We also
investigate numerically the persistence exponent characterizing the
power-law decay of the number, , of persistent (unflipped) spins at
time , and find where depends on
. We show how the results for and are related to
similar calculations in diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation (DLCA)
where clusters with size-dependent diffusion constant diffuse through an
immobile `empty' phase and aggregate irreversibly on impact. Simulations show
that, while is the same in both models, is different except for
. We also investigate models that interpolate between symmetric
domain diffusion and DLCA.Comment: 9 pages, minor revision
Renormalization Group Study of the A+B->0 Diffusion-Limited Reaction
The diffusion-limited reaction, with equal initial densities
, is studied by means of a field-theoretic renormalization
group formulation of the problem. For dimension an effective theory is
derived, from which the density and correlation functions can be calculated. We
find the density decays in time as a,b \sim C\sqrt{\D}(Dt)^{-d/4} for , with \D = n_0-C^\prime n_0^{d/2} + \dots, where is a universal
constant, and is non-universal. The calculation is extended to the
case of unequal diffusion constants , resulting in a new
amplitude but the same exponent. For a controlled calculation is not
possible, but a heuristic argument is presented that the results above give at
least the leading term in an expansion. Finally, we address
reaction zones formed in the steady-state by opposing currents of and
particles, and derive scaling properties.Comment: 17 pages, REVTeX, 13 compressed figures, included with epsf. Eq.
(6.12) corrected, and a moderate rewriting of the introduction. Accepted for
publication in J. Stat. Phy
On the Modelling of Epidemics
18 pages, 1 article*On the Modelling of Epidemics* (Castillo-Chavez, C.; Cooke, K.; Levin, S. A.) 18 page
Coarsening Dynamics of a One-Dimensional Driven Cahn-Hilliard System
We study the one-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard equation with an additional
driving term representing, say, the effect of gravity. We find that the driving
field has an asymmetric effect on the solution for a single stationary
domain wall (or `kink'), the direction of the field determining whether the
analytic solutions found by Leung [J.Stat.Phys.{\bf 61}, 345 (1990)] are
unique. The dynamics of a kink-antikink pair (`bubble') is then studied. The
behaviour of a bubble is dependent on the relative sizes of a characteristic
length scale , where is the driving field, and the separation, ,
of the interfaces. For the velocities of the interfaces are
negligible, while in the opposite limit a travelling-wave solution is found
with a velocity . For this latter case () a set of
reduced equations, describing the evolution of the domain lengths, is obtained
for a system with a large number of interfaces, and implies a characteristic
length scale growing as . Numerical results for the domain-size
distribution and structure factor confirm this behavior, and show that the
system exhibits dynamical scaling from very early times.Comment: 20 pages, revtex, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
TLR5 Risk-Associated Haplotype for Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Confers Hyper-Responsiveness to Flagellin
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the TLR5 gene have been associated with human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and animal models of this disease. We recently demonstrated a significant association between three non-synonymous SNPs in the canine TLR5 gene and IBD in German shepherd dogs (GSDs). However, so far, no direct link between these SNPs and a disturbance in TLR5 function was shown. In the present study, we determined the functional significance of the canine TLR5 SNPs by transfecting the identified risk-protective and risk-associated haplotype into human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) and assessed nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and CXCL8 production after stimulation. In addition, a whole blood assay for TLR5 activation was developed using blood derived from carrier dogs of either haplotype. There was a significant increase in NF-kB activity when cells transfected with the risk-associated TLR5 haplotype were stimulated with flagellin compared to the cells expressing the risk-protective TLR5 haplotype. This difference in NFkB activation correlated with CXCL8 expression in the supernatant measured by ELISA. Furthermore, whole blood taken from carrier dogs of the risk-associated TLR5 haplotype produced significantly more TNF after stimulation with flagellin compared to that taken from carriers of the risk-protective haplotype. Thus, we show for the first time a direct functional impact of the canine IBD risk-associated TLR5 haplotype, which results in hyper-responsiveness to flagellin compared to the IBD risk-protective TLR5 haplotype. Our data potentially suggest that similarly to human IBD and experimental models, TLR5 may also play a role in canine IBD. Blocking the hyper-responsive receptor found in susceptible dogs with IBD may alleviate the inappropriate inflammation seen in this disease
Observation of anomalous spin-state segregation in a trapped ultra-cold vapor
We observe counter-intuitive spin segregation in an inhomogeneous sample of
ultra-cold, non-condensed Rubidium atoms in a magnetic trap. We use spatially
selective microwave spectroscopy to verify a model that accounts for the
differential forces on two internal spin states. In any simple understanding of
the cloud dynamics, the forces are far too small to account for the dramatic
transient spin polarizations observed. The underlying mechanism remains to be
elucidated.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Production/maintenance cooperative scheduling using multi-agents and fuzzy logic
Within companies, production is directly concerned with the manufacturing schedule, but other services like sales, maintenance, purchasing or workforce management should also have an influence on this schedule. These services often have together a hierarchical relationship, i.e. the leading function (most of the time sales or production) generates constraints defining the framework within which the other functions have to satisfy their own objectives. We show how the multi-agent paradigm, often used in scheduling for its ability to distribute decision-making, can also provide a framework for making several functions cooperate in the schedule performance. Production and maintenance have been chosen as an example: having common resources (the machines), their activities are actually often conflicting. We show how to use a fuzzy logic in order to model the temporal degrees of freedom of the two functions, and show that this approach may allow one to obtain a schedule that provides a better compromise between the satisfaction of the respective objectives of the two functions
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