Open Data Platform for Knowledge Access in Plant Health Domain : VESPA Mining

Important data are locked in ancient literature. It would be uneconomic to produce these data again and today or to extract them without the help of text mining technologies. Vespa is a text mining project whose aim is to extract data on pest and crops interactions, to model and predict attacks on crops, and to reduce the use of pesticides. A few attempts proposed an agricultural information access. Another originality of our work is to parse documents with a dependency of the document architecture

A Trade-Off Between Sporangia Size and Number Exists in the Potato Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans, and Is Not Altered by Biotic and Abiotic Factors

The negative relationship between offspring size and number is a classic example of trade-off between life-history traits, reported many times in animal and plant species. Here, we wanted to ascertain whether such a trade-off occurred in the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, and whether it was impacted by biotic and abiotic factors. We thus conducted three infection experiments under controlled conditions and measured the number and the size of sporangia (asexual propagules) produced on potato by different P. infestans isolates. In all experiments, we observed a negative relationship between sporangia size and number, demonstrating the existence of a trade-off. Moreover, although the potato host cultivar, temperature and host of origin (tomato or potato) all affected sporangia number, sporangia size or both, none of these biotic and abiotic factors did change the trade-off. Therefore, the trade-off between sporangia size and number could maintain the polyphenism for these traits in P. infestans populations, and favors the coexistence of distinct reproductive strategies within this species. Our results emphasize the relevance to focus on the relationship between offspring size and number in other fungal plant pathogens, as well as to study the impact of offspring size on fitness-linked traits (virulence and disease lesion development) in these organisms

Mildiou et alternariose : leur évolution face aux fongicides

International audienc

Epidémiosurveillance des populations de mildiou de la pomme de terre en France

National audienc

Influence de la température et de l'humidité sur le comportement dans le sol de 3 espèces ou variétés de Fusarium responsables de la pourriture sèche des tubercules de pomme de terre

International audienc

An Improved PCR Method for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Mating Types in the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans

International audienceMating type is a critical trait in heterothallic organisms. In plant pathogenic oomycetes, like the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, it is usually identified through pairing between tester and candidate isolates, a method that is both laborious and applicable to live isolates only. Therefore, developing simple and fast PCR tests to reliably identify P. infestans mating types is of great interest for population genetic studies. A multiplex PCR assay combining the amplification of a locus diagnostic for P. infestans and of one diagnostic for the A1 mating type was developed and validated on a collection of 1,441 samples, covering the current and past diversity of European P. infestans populations. These samples were obtained from either freeze-dried mycelium or FTA cards on which diseased leaflets had been pressed. The multiplex assay correctly identified mating types in 97.4% of these samples. The main source of incorrect assignment was the lack of amplification of the A1 diagnostic allele, due to insufficient DNA quality and/or quantity in the reaction mix. This multiplex PCR, applicable to both live and stored material, thus constitutes a useful addition to the set of molecular tools available for population typing in P. infestans

Epidémiosurveillance Mildiou : enjeux actuels & acquis récents

National audienc

Epidémiovigilance Mildiou 2021 : les génotypes changent !

National audienc