The influence of economic complexity processes and renewable energy on CO2 emissions of BRICS. What about industry 4.0?

This study analyses the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions per capita, the economic complexity index, renewable energy, and inward foreign direct investment using panel data for the BRICS countries from 1995 to 2020. Empirical results confirm that the environmental Kuznets curve is fulfilled, with a positive but decreasing contribution of economic development on environmental deterioration, to the point that neutrality on CO2 emissions can be achieved in the long term. In addition, the results confirm, in this case, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, that is, the set of BRICS economies chooses to apply regulations that do not respect the environment. The results of other econometric studies support this study, pointing to long-run cointegration. The unit root tests and the variance inflation test also point to stationarity at the first difference and a lack of multicollinearity, respectively. Finally, given the scarcity of empirical studies, this study adopts an incipient methodology to approximate the impact of the technologies associated with Industry 4.0 on carbon emissions, obtaining evidence that their effect on environmental deterioration is very moderate. In addition, the results suggest that, in the long term, these technologies can contribute to achieving the neutrality of polluting emissions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

As determinantes do Investimento Direto Estrangeiro:análise de estudo empírico para um conjunto de 48 países

O presente trabalho avalia o sentimento económico, a política fiscal e as entradas de investimento direto estrangeiro a par com outras determinantes clássicas. Foram selecionados quarenta e oito países para o período 1997-2018 que analisam as entradas de IDE em que os dados foram recolhidos do Banco Mundial e KOF Zurich Institute. O teste raiz unitária de Levin, Lin, e Chu e o ADF Fisher e Phillips–Perron indica que as variáveis Sentimento económico, Dimensão económica, Inflação e Carga fiscal são integradas às primeiras diferenças I(1). O teste de cointegração de Pedroni e o teste de cointegração residual de Kao, apontam para a cointegração das variáveis a longo prazo. O estimador Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) avalia as determinantes em estudo, usando dados em painel de cointegração. Os resultados econométricos demonstram que o Sentimento económico, a Dimensão económica e o Grau de abertura têm significância para as entradas de IDE.N/