How do adults with cystic fibrosis cope following a diagnosis of diabetes?

The official published version of the article can be obtained from the link below.Aim. This paper is a report of a study examining the experience of adults with cystic fibrosis in adapting to the diagnosis of diabetes, a second chronic illness. Background. Diabetes is a common complication of cystic fibrosis; the onset signifies the development of a second chronic illness. Both cystic fibrosis and diabetes are complex conditions, which require daily treatment schedules as part of their management. However, it is unclear how people already living with cystic fibrosis respond to the diagnosis of diabetes. Method. A qualitative method was chosen to obtain an ‘insider’ experience of adjusting to a second chronic illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2004 with 22 adults with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings. Four recurring themes were identified: emotional response to diagnosis of diabetes, looking for an understanding, learning to live with diabetes, and limiting the impact of diagnosis. Having cystic fibrosis appeared helpful in limiting the impact of the diagnosis of diabetes. Juggling conflicting dietary demands of cystic fibrosis and diabetes coupled with the lack of practical professional advice available was seen as one of the biggest challenges in adapting to diabetes. Conclusion. Healthcare professionals need increased awareness of diabetes amongst adults with cystic fibrosis and provide adequate support and structured evidence-based education throughout the course of the illness, particularly in relation to diet. Nevertheless, patients’ familiarity with regular daily routines and problem-solving attitudes, already developed in the context of cystic fibrosis, may be drawn on to limit the impact of diabetes

Structure Functions are not Parton Probabilities

We explain why contrary to common belief, the deep inelastic scattering structure functions are not related to parton probabilities in the target.Comment: 4 pages. Invited talk presented during the `International Light-Cone Workshop', Trento, ECT, September 3-11, 2001. Updated Report-Number

GRANGER CAUSALITY AND U.S. CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRICES

Agricultural economists have recently been attracted to procedures suggested by Granger and others which allow observed data to reveal causal relationships. Results of this study indicate that "causality" tests can be ambiguous in identifying behavioral relationships between agricultural price variables. Caution is suggested when using such procedures for model choice.Demand and Price Analysis,

Calculation of TMD Evolution for Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry Measurements

The Sivers transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) is calculated and compared at different scales using the TMD evolution equations applied to previously existing extractions. We apply the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism, using the version recently developed by Collins. Our calculations rely on the universality properties of TMD-functions that follow from the TMD-factorization theorem. Accordingly, the non-perturbative input is fixed by earlier experimental measurements, including both polarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and unpolarized Drell-Yan (DY) scattering. It is shown that recent COMPASS measurements are consistent with the suppression prescribed by TMD evolution.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Version published in Physical Review Letter

Post-Impact Thermal Evolution of Porous Planetesimals

Impacts between planetesimals have largely been ruled out as a heat source in the early Solar System, by calculations that show them to be an inefficient heat source and unlikely to cause global heating. However, the long-term, localized thermal effects of impacts on planetesimals have never been fully quantified. Here, we simulate a range of impact scenarios between planetesimals to determine the post-impact thermal histories of the parent bodies, and hence the importance of impact heating in the thermal evolution of planetesimals. We find on a local scale that heating material to petrologic type 6 is achievable for a range of impact velocities and initial porosities, and impact melting is possible in porous material at a velocity of > 4 km/s. Burial of heated impactor material beneath the impact crater is common, insulating that material and allowing the parent body to retain the heat for extended periods (~ millions of years). Cooling rates at 773 K are typically 1 - 1000 K/Ma, matching a wide range of measurements of metallographic cooling rates from chondritic materials. While the heating presented here is localized to the impact site, multiple impacts over the lifetime of a parent body are likely to have occurred. Moreover, as most meteorite samples are on the centimeter to meter scale, the localized effects of impact heating cannot be ignored.Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures, Revised for Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (Sorry, they do not accept LaTeX

Parametrized post-Newtonian virial theorem

Using the parametrized post-Newtonian equations of hydrodynamics, we derive the tensor form of the parametrized post-Newtonian virial theorem.Comment: 10 pages, submitted to CQ

Wiring Viterbi decoders (splitting deBruijn graphs)

A new Viterbi decoder, capable of decoding convolutional codes with constraint lengths up to 15, is under development for the Deep Space Network (DSN). A key feature of this decoder is a two-level partitioning of the Viterbi state diagram into identical subgraphs. The larger subgraphs correspond to circuit boards, while the smaller subgraphs correspond to Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) chips. The full decoder is built from identical boards, which in turn are built from identical chips. The resulting system is modular and hierarchical. The decoder is easy to implement, test, and repair because it uses a single VLSI chip design and a single board design. The partitioning is completely general in the sense that an appropriate number of boards or chips may be wired together to implement a Viterbi decoder of any size greater than or equal to the size of the module

Superposition as memory: unlocking quantum automatic complexity

Imagine a lock with two states, "locked" and "unlocked", which may be manipulated using two operations, called 0 and 1. Moreover, the only way to (with certainty) unlock using four operations is to do them in the sequence 0011, i.e., $0^n1^n$ where $n=2$. In this scenario one might think that the lock needs to be in certain further states after each operation, so that there is some memory of what has been done so far. Here we show that this memory can be entirely encoded in superpositions of the two basic states "locked" and "unlocked", where, as dictated by quantum mechanics, the operations are given by unitary matrices. Moreover, we show using the Jordan--Schur lemma that a similar lock is not possible for $n=60$. We define the semi-classical quantum automatic complexity $Q_{s}(x)$ of a word $x$ as the infimum in lexicographic order of those pairs of nonnegative integers $(n,q)$ such that there is a subgroup $G$ of the projective unitary group PU$(n)$ with $|G|\le q$ and with $U_0,U_1\in G$ such that, in terms of a standard basis $\{e_k\}$ and with $U_z=\prod_k U_{z(k)}$, we have $U_x e_1=e_2$ and $U_y e_1 \ne e_2$ for all $y\ne x$ with $|y|=|x|$. We show that $Q_s$ is unbounded and not constant for strings of a given length. In particular, $$Q_{s}(0^21^2)\le (2,12) < (3,1) \le Q_{s}(0^{60}1^{60})$$ and $Q_s(0^{120})\le (2,121)$.Comment: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, UCNC (Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation) 201

The physics of twisted magnetic tubes rising in a stratified medium: two dimensional results

The physics of a twisted magnetic flux tube rising in a stratified medium is studied using a numerical MHD code. The problem considered is fully compressible (no Boussinesq approximation), includes ohmic resistivity, and is two dimensional, i.e., there is no variation of the variables in the direction of the tube axis. We study a high plasma beta case with small ratio of radius to external pressure scaleheight. The results obtained can therefore be of relevance to understand the transport of magnetic flux across the solar convection zone.Comment: To be published in ApJ, Vol. 492, Jan 10th, 1998; 25 pages, 16 figures. NEW VERSION: THE PREVIOUS ONE DIDN'T PRINT CORRECTLY. The style file overrulehere.sty is include