Отказоустойчивый вентильный электро-привод для гибридного транспортного средства

Выпускная квалификационная работа содержит 79 страниц, 10 рисунка, 30 таблиц, 24 источников. Ключевые слова: гибридное транспортное средство, отказоустойчивый вентильный электропривод, математическая модель вентильного двигателя, неполнофазный режим работы, обрыв фазы двигателя, отказ ключа преобразователя частоты. Был проведён обзор аккумуляторов, обоснован выбор ёмкости аккумуляторной батареи. Цель работы – разработка отказоустойчивого вентильного электропривода для гибридного транспортного средства, обеспечение алгоритма восстановления работоспособности. Выпускная квалификационная работа выполнена в текстовом редакторе Microsoft Office Word 2010 с использованием пакетов: Microsoft Visio 2010, Matlab Simulink.Final qualifying work consists of 79 pages, 10 figure, 30 tables, 24 sources. Key words: hybrid vehicle, failover the valve actuator, the mathematical model of the brushless DC motor, open-phase mode, output phase loss, failure of a key of the frequency Converter. A review was undertaken of batteries and justifies the choice of battery capacity. The work purpose – development of fault-tolerant brushless drive for a hybrid vehicle, provision of algorithm restore functionality. Final qualifying work is executed in a text editor Microsoft Office Word 2010 packages: Microsoft Visio 2010, Matlab Simulink

Технико-экономические и экологические аспекты утилизация шламов, содержащих соединения цинка

По причине токсичности перед сбросом в водоемы ионы цинка выделяются из сточных вод в виде твердых соединений, которые осаждаются в виде шлама в прудах-накопителях. Приведены данные по количественному и качественному составам шлама в накопителеотстойнике предприятия по производству вискозного волокна. Отмечено, что такой накопитель в г. Красноярске является техногенным образованием содержащем ценное сырье - цинк. Поэтому необходима разработка и внедрение технологий переработки и утилизации цинксодержащих шламов различных производств.Zinc ions are toxic and they are isolated from sewage in the form of solid compounds before discharge into water bodies. Precipitation occurs in the form of slime in storage ponds. Data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the sludge in the reservoir-settler of an enterprise for the production of viscose fiber are given. It is noted that such a storage facility in Krasnoyarsk is a technogenic for mation containing valuable raw materials - zinc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement technologies for processing and utilization of zinc-containing slurries of various industries

Messung der Hell-Dunkel-Adaptation und ihre Beeinflussung durch die extrazelluläre Calciumkonzentration : elektrophysiologische Messungen am Ventralnerv Photorezeptor von Limulus polyphemus

Method: A set-up for intra- and extracellular electrophysiological measurements on the Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor was built up. A suction electrode method was developed to record the extracellular currents of a single photoreceptor cell at different membrane areas. Simultaneously the voltage response (receptor potential) could be measured intracellularly. 1) The time course of dark adaptation following light adaptation by a bright 1 or 5 s illumination (4,4 $\cdot$ 10$^{16}$ photons $\cdot$ cm$^{- 2}$ $\cdot$ s$^{-1}$ at 543 nm) was measured by two different methods: a) $\underline{constant-stimulus-curves}$ were determined by measuring the amplitude of the intracellularly recorded receptor potential in response to test stimuli of constant intensity and duration in dependence on the dark adaptation time. b) $\underline{criterion-response-curves}$ were determined by measuring the sensitivity increase in dependence on the dark adaptation time by determining the light intensity necessary to evoke a criterion response amplitude of the receptor potential. The experimental data for the dark adaptation time t$_{DA}$ and the light intensity I were fitted by two exponential functions I = $\alpha \cdot I_{o} \cdot e^{\frac{-t_{DA}}{\tau}}$ and by two power functionsI = $a \cdot I_{o} \cdot t^{-b}_{DA}$ , respectively. The better fit - that means the higher r$^{2}$ -values (correlation coefficient) could be obtained by the power functions (fig. 18). 2) The time course of dark adaptation was characterized by two different phases, a fast and a slow one. The first rather fast increase of sensitivity after light adaptation ($\tau_{I}$ = 5,5 s; s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 0,6 s, n = 16) was followed by a second slower phase ($\tau_{2}$ = 287 s; s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 44 s, n = 16). In the double logarithmic plot two different slopes could be determined. The exponent $\underline{b}_{1}$ characterizing the first slope was 3,5 (s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 0,4; n = 16) in the average and $\underline{b}_{2}$ characterizing the second slope was 1,0 (s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 0,1; n = 13) in the average. 3) The influence of the extracellular Ca$^{2+}$-concentration on the dark adaptation process was investigated. Only the first phase of dark adaptation was strongly dependent on thechanged extracellular Ca$^{2+}$-concentration - in accordance with the Ca$^{2+}$-hypothesis (Lisman and Brown, 1972) - while the second phase of dark adaptation was nearly Ca$^{2+}$-independent (s. Tab. 11). According to this effect the coefficients $\underline{b}$ and $\underline{a}$ of the power function were changed: The exponent $\underline{b}_{1}$ was decreased to 1,7 (s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 0,5; n = 6) when the external Ca$^{2+}$-concentration was lowered from10 mmol/l to 250 $\mu$mol/l (see for example fig. 22); $\underline{b}_{1}$ was increased to 4,7 (s$^{-}_{x}$ = $\pm$ 0,5; n = 3) raising the extracellular Ca$^{2+}$-concentration to 40 mmol/l (see for example fig. 24). The factor $\underline{a}$ characterizing the sensitivity for t$_{DA}$ = 1 s varies greatly from experiment to experiment; $\underline{a}_{1}$ is decreased - corresponding to a greater sensitivity - to about 5 % in the average by lowering the extracellularCa$^{2+}$-concentration and strongly increased by a factor of 70 by raising the extracellular Ca$^{2+}$-concentration