Automatic Thinning Detection through Image Segmentation Using Equivalent Array-Type Lamp-Based Lock-in Thermography

Among the non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, infrared thermography (IRT) is an attractive and highly reliable technology that can measure the thermal response of a wide area in real-time. In this study, thinning defects in S275 specimens were detected using lock-in thermography (LIT). After acquiring phase and amplitude images using four-point signal processing, the optimal excitation frequency was calculated. After segmentation was performed on each defect area, binarization was performed using the Otsu algorithm. For automated detection, the boundary tracking algorithm was used. The number of pixels was calculated and the detectability using RMSE was evaluated. Clarification of defective objects using image segmentation detectability evaluation technique using RMSE was presented

Preparative Synthesis via Continuous Flow of 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane: A General Propargylation Reagent

A scalable process for the preparation of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane from trimethylsilylpropyne, isopropyl pinacol borate, and <i>n</i>-butyllithium is described. Problems associated with implementing a typical aqueous workup and batch process into production due to borolane “ate” equilibration and protonolysis are presented. To address these issues, a continuous-flow and distillation process was developed which efficiently produced 297 kg of the key propargylation reagent