Mechanism test.

Full employment is important to promote the high-quality development of the urban economy. Using urban-level data on China from 2004 to 2018, we analyse the effects and mechanism of expanding imports on urban manufacturing employment. We use the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Import to Promote Balanced Development of Foreign Trade issued by the China State Council in 2012 as a natural experiment to solve the endogeneity problem. We find that expanding imports significantly increases urban manufacturing employment. This conclusion is still robust after a series of robustness tests. Further mechanism tests reveal that productivity improvements and upgrades to product quality from expanding imports can explain increased urban manufacturing employment. The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that expanding imports promote manufacturing employment in large and medium-sized cities but not small cities. Expanding imports increases employment in manufacturing in cities in different regions, with the largest effects on eastern cities, the second largest effects on western cities, and the smallest effects on central cities. These results suggest that expanding imports is an effective channel for increasing employment.</div

S3 Data -

Full employment is important to promote the high-quality development of the urban economy. Using urban-level data on China from 2004 to 2018, we analyse the effects and mechanism of expanding imports on urban manufacturing employment. We use the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Import to Promote Balanced Development of Foreign Trade issued by the China State Council in 2012 as a natural experiment to solve the endogeneity problem. We find that expanding imports significantly increases urban manufacturing employment. This conclusion is still robust after a series of robustness tests. Further mechanism tests reveal that productivity improvements and upgrades to product quality from expanding imports can explain increased urban manufacturing employment. The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that expanding imports promote manufacturing employment in large and medium-sized cities but not small cities. Expanding imports increases employment in manufacturing in cities in different regions, with the largest effects on eastern cities, the second largest effects on western cities, and the smallest effects on central cities. These results suggest that expanding imports is an effective channel for increasing employment.</div

Differential Accumulation and Elimination Behavior of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Isomers in Occupational Workers in a Manufactory in China

In this study, serum and urine samples were collected from 36 occupational workers in a fluorochemical manufacturing plant in China from 2008 to 2012 to evaluate the body burden and possible elimination of linear and branched perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Indoor dust, total suspended particles (TSP), diet, and drinking water samples were also collected to trace the occupational exposure pathway to PFAA isomers. The geometric mean concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) isomers in the serum were 1386, 371, and 863 ng mL^–1, respectively. The linear isomer of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS was the most predominant PFAA in the serum, with mean proportions of 63.3, 91.1, and 92.7% respectively, which were higher than the proportions in urine. The most important exposure routes to PFAA isomers in the occupational workers were considered to be the intake of indoor dust and TSP. A renal clearance estimation indicated that branched PFAA isomers had a higher renal clearance rate than did the corresponding linear isomers. Molecular docking modeling implied that linear PFOS (<i>n</i>-PFOS) had a stronger interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) than branched isomers did, which could decrease the proportion of <i>n</i>-PFOS in the blood of humans via the transport of HSA

Efficient and Stable Pure Green All-Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr₃ Light-Emitting Diodes with a Solution-Processed NiO_<i>x</i> Interlayer

The perovskite-based optoelectronic applications always suffer from stability issues, due to the intrinsic chemical instability of the perovskite materials. Besides, poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is always utilized as an anode buffer layer in thin-film perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), which may lead to stability issues due to the hygroscopic and acidic nature of PEDOT:PSS. In this paper, inorganic metal oxide NiO_<i>x</i> is employed as a hole injection layer (HIL) and hole transport layer (HTL) to substitute detrimental PEDOT:PSS in all-inorganic PeLEDs. Then fully covered CsPbBr₃ polycrystalline films are fabricated by using a one-step spin-coating method based on nonstoichiometric and polymer-assisted perovskite precursor solutions. The optimized films not only have compact morphology but also have excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Encouragingly, by introducing a metal oxide NiO_<i>x</i>, the CsPbBr₃ PeLEDs show a maximum luminance of 23 828 cd m^–2 and maximum current efficiency (CE) of 9.54 cd A^–1, which lead to a 1.6-fold and 3.3-fold increase compared to the PeLEDs with a PEDOT:PSS HIL. Besides, the inorganic PeLEDs show high color purity with a full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) of only 16 nm. The combination of inorganic NiO_<i>x</i> with inorganic perovskite also shows improved operation stability of devices, which paves the way for highly efficient all-inorganic PeLEDs

Reduced expression of SETMAR and DBN1 in response to SOX11siRNA.

<p>Analysis by qRT-PCR confirms downregulation of DBN1 and SETMAR (A) in SOX11 siRNA treated Granta 519 cells. (B) Expression of SOX11, TUBB3, SETMAR and DBN1 in the JeKo cell line was evaluated after transfection with either 100 pmol SOX11 siRNA or control siRNA. mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR 20 hours after electroporation. Error bars show standard deviation of 4 independent experiments. * P<0.05, **P<0.01.</p

Differently expressed genes after SOX11 knockdown by siRNA in Granta 519 cells^#.

#<p>Gene expression levels were assayed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST Array.</p><p>*SOX11 siRNA vs. negative control siRNA transfected Granta 519 cells. Data analysis was done using the Partek Genomics suite software at a stringent threshold (FDR<0.002, fold changes ≤−1.5 or ≥1.5).</p

Table_2_Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Neospora caninum Are Recognized by Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Modulate Host Cell Innate Immunity Through the MAPK Signaling Pathway.XLSX

<p>Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite, which causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. However, the immune mechanism of the parasite–host interaction is not yet fully understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a ubiquitous mechanism by which almost all cells, especially immune and tumor cells, participate in intercellular communications. Although studies have indicated that EVs secreted by Toxoplasma gondii or Trypanosoma brucei promote exchanges of biological molecules important for the host–parasite interplay, however, EVs and their biological activities in N. caninum is not clear. Here, we used multiple methods, including electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, western blot, proteomics, and cytokine analyses, to examine the properties of N. caninum EVs. We found that N. caninum produced EVs that are similar to mammalian exosomes, which generally range from 30 to 150 nm in diameter. It was shown that N. caninum EVs could remarkably increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p40, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ by wild-type (WT) mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) whereas the secretion of IL-12p40, TNF-α, and IFN-γ was very strongly downregulated in TLR2^−/− mouse BMDMs. The levels of IL-6 were not affected, but the secretion of IL-10 was upregulated. We found that the phosphorylation levels of P38, ERK, and JNK were significantly reduced in the TLR2^−/− cells compared with those in WT mouse BMDMs and that treatment with chemical inhibiters of P38, ERK, and JNK resulted in upregulation of IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL-10 production. Together, these results demonstrated that N. caninum EVs could be rapidly internalized to deliver proteins to the host cells and modulate the host cell immune responses through MAPK signaling pathway in a TLR2-dependent manner. Our study is the first to reveal potential roles for N. caninum EVs in host communication and immune response in parasite–host interactions.</p

Expression of SOXC genes in MCL cell lines.

<p>Expression of SOX4 (A), SOX12 (B) and SOX11 (C) in the MCL cell lines Granta 519, JeKo, Rec1 and JVM2 by quantitative RT- PCR. Granta 519 express high levels of SOX11 mRNA but low levels of the other SOXC genes while no SOX11 mRNA expression was detected in JVM2. (D) WB showed that Granta 519, JeKo and Rec1, but not JVM2, express SOX11 protein.</p

SOX11 silencing significantly reduces TUBB3 expression in the MCL cell line Granta 519.

<p>(A) Expression of SOX11 was evaluated after transfection with either 100 pmol SOX11 siRNA or control siRNA. The SOX11 mRNA level was measured by quantitative RT-PCR 20 hours after electroporation. Error bars show standard deviation of 4 independent experiments, ***p<0.001. (B) Western blots show downregulation of SOX11 protein in Granta 519 after SOX11 siRNA knockdown but not in cells treated with control siRNA or in untransfected cells. (C) Depletion of SOX11 protein significantly reduces TUBB3 expression. Granta 519 cells were transfected with SOX11 siRNA and TUBB3 expression was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR after 20 hours. ***P<0.001.</p

Expression of DBN1 correlates to SOX11 expression in primary MCL cells and MCL cell lines.

<p>The expression values of SOX11, DBN1 or SETMAR were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The threshold cycle (Ct) of the gene against the Ct of β actin was determined by subtraction. All values were first tested for normal distribution, and then the Pearson correlation coefficients and P value were calculated. ▴ MCL cell lines Granta 519, Rec1 and JeKo; • primary MCL patients.</p