One Year Out: Experiences of Prisoners Returning to Cleveland

Presents findings from a longitudinal study of prisoner reentry, documenting the lives of nearly three hundred former prisoners and their ability to find stable housing, reunite with family, secure employment, and avoid substance use and recidivism

Empirical Fit to Inelastic Electron-Deuteron and Electron-Neutron Resonance Region Transverse Cross Sections

An empirical fit is described to measurements of inclusive inelastic electron-deuteron cross sections in the kinematic r ange of four-momentum transfer $0 \le Q^2<10$ GeV$^2$ and final state invariant mass $1.1<W<3.2$ GeV. The deuteron fit relies on a fit of the ratio $R_p$ of longitudinal to transverse cross sections for the proton, and the assumption $R_p=R_n$. The underlying fit parameters describe the average cross section for proton and neutron, with a plane-wave impulse approximation used to fit to the deuteron data. An additional term is used to fill in the dip between the quasi-elastic peak and the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance. The mean deviation of data from the fit is 3%, with less than 4% of the data points deviating from the fit by more than 10%.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C. Text clarified in response to referee comment

Effective Spectral Function for Quasielastic Scattering on Nuclei

Spectral functions that are used in neutrino event generators to model quasielastic (QE) scattering from nuclear targets include Fermi gas, Local Thomas Fermi gas (LTF), Bodek-Ritchie Fermi gas with high momentum tail, and the Benhar-Fantoni two dimensional spectral function. We find that the $\nu$ dependence of predictions of these spectral functions for the QE differential cross sections (${d^2\sigma}/{dQ^2 d\nu}$) are in disagreement with the prediction of the $\psi'$ superscaling function which is extracted from fits to quasielastic electron scattering data on nuclear targets. It is known that spectral functions do not fully describe quasielastic scattering because they only model the initial state. Final state interactions distort the shape of the differential cross section at the peak and increase the cross section at the tails of the distribution. We show that the kinematic distributions predicted by the $\psi'$ superscaling formalism can be well described with a modified {\it {effective spectral function}} (ESF). By construction, models using ESF in combination with the transverse enhancement contribution correctly predict electron QE scattering data.Comment: 16 pages, 23 figures, submitted to Eur. Phy. J.

The impact of housing rehabilitation on local neighborhoods: the case of St. Joseph's Carpenter Society

This paper presents the results of a Philadelphia Fed study that analyzes whether the community development efforts of a nonprofit in Camden, NJ, have an effect on local neighborhoods.Home ownership ; Housing

ECONOMIC FORCES INFLUENCING VALUE-ADDED FOOD INDUSTRIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE

Agribusiness,

The Effects of Class Size on Student Achievement in Higher Education: Applying an Earnings Function

This paper uses an earnings function to model how class size affects the grade students earn. We test the model using an ordinal logit with and without fixed effects on 363,023 undergraduate observations. We find that class size negatively affects grades. Average grade point declines as class size increases, precipitously up to class sizes of ten, and more gradually but monotonically through class sizes of 400 plus. The probability of getting a B plus or better declines from 0.9 for class sizes 20 to about 0.5 for class sizes of 120 and almost 0.4 for class sizes of 400