Axial view of the right hemisphere of the musical mismatch negativity within a time window of 200–300 ms after the occurrence of a deviant tone.

<p>Neural activation was found in superior frontal cortex (A), in medial frontal cortex (BA9) (B) and in medial and middle frontal gyrus (C).</p

Anatomical locations (MNI coordinates) of all significant activations.

<p>Anatomical locations (MNI coordinates) of all significant activations.</p

Axial view of the right hemisphere (overlaid on an individual anatomical MRI) showing significant activations (pseudo-T values, significance level 5%) of the musically elicited mismatch negativity within a time window of 100–200 ms after the occurrence of a deviant tone.

<p>Activation was found in the temporal lobe in auditory cortex (BA41) and in the inferior frontal cortex (A), in inferior frontal cortex (BA44) (B) and in the frontal lobe within the superior frontal cortex (BA10) (C). Neural activation was also found in orbitofrontal cortex (BA11) (D).</p

Axial view of of the left hemisphere of the musical mismatch negativity within a time window of 200–300 ms after the occurrence of a deviant tone.

<p>Neural activation was found within the inferior frontal cortex (A).</p

N1m and ASSR source strength ratios.

<p>Normalized N1m and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) changes relative to baseline at three time points after training completion for the patient group characterized by tinnitus frequencies ≤8 kHz. White bars represent N1m source strength, black bars represent ASSR source strength. Asterisks denote significant changes, the error bars denote standard errors of the mean. Positive values indicate increment, and negative values indicate decrement. Please note that for the patient group characterized by tinnitus frequencies >8 kHz auditory evoked fields are not available due to technical limitations of the MEG sound delivery system (limit  = 8 kHz).</p

Axial view of the left hemisphere of the musically elicited mismatch negativity within a time window of 100–200 ms after the occurrence of a deviant tone.

<p>Neural activation was found within the triangular part of the inferior frontal cortex (BA45) (panel A, left arrow) and within superior frontal cortex (B).</p

Six-tone stimulus for the MEG measurement comprising a C- and G-major broken chord.

<p>The stimuli were presented within an oddball paradigm. In the deviant stimulus the last tone was lowered by a minor third (a). A schematic diagram of the trials that were analyzed by the beamformer. Only standards preceding a deviant were included into the analysis. Deviant and standard trials were contrasted by the beamformer within two separate time windows comprising 100–200 and 200–300 ms after the onset of the last tone (b).</p

Group averages of the root mean square (RMS) virtual channels for STG (blue) and IFC (red) coordinates after the occurrence of a deviant tone within the MMN time window of 100–300 ms.

<p>The peak of IFC occurs slightly earlier than the peak of STG activation.</p

Patient characteristics and baseline values of outcome measures broken by patient group.

<p>Patient characteristics and baseline values of outcome measures broken by patient group.</p

Tinnitus-related distress ratios.

<p>Normalized tinnitus-related distress changes relative to baseline at four time points after training completion for both patient groups (arrangement according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0024685#pone-0024685-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>).</p