Characterization of the 36 skeletal organic matrix proteins (SOMPs).

<p>Computed parameters: molecular weight (Mw), isoelectric point (pI), most abundant amino acid (Major aa%), post-translational modifications (PTM) and other sequence features: signal peptide (SP), transmembrane domain (TM), glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI anchor), complexity regions (LCR), regions of biased composition, motifs and repeats.</p><p>*Properties calculated based on the primary sequence of the mature protein, <i>i.e.</i> without peptide signal.</p

Skeleton morphology and microstructure.

<p>(A) Skeletal fragments after treatment in NaOCl (5%, vol/vol) for 72 h prior to longitudinal and transversal cuts. Scanning electron microscopy images from the skeleton morphology: (B) Axial corallite, (C) Radial corallites, (D) Closer view into a radial corallite showing different septa. Polished and EDTA-etched sections from a transversal cut (E–G) and longitudinal cut (H–I). EMZ – early mineralization zone.</p

Quantification of neutral, aminated and acidic monosaccharides in the ASM (blue) and in the AIM (red) of <i>A. millepora</i>.

<p>Samples were hydrolyzed with 2°C (4 h). (A) Total Wt. % in the skeletal organic matrix (SOM, either ASM or AIM) are indicated in the graph (bars). (B) Concentrations (ng/µg) and relative molar percentages are shown in the table for both matrices.</p

Gallium(III) and Indium(III) Complexes with <i>meso</i>-Monophosphorylated Porphyrins: Synthesis and Structure. A First Example of Dimers Formed by the Self-Assembly of <i>meso</i>-Porphyrinylphosphonic Acid Monoester

The synthesis and structural characterization, both in solution by means of ¹H and ³¹P NMR and UV–vis spectroscopies and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction on single crystal, of a series of gallium­(III) and indium­(III) <i>meso</i>-mono­(diethoxyphosphoryl)­porphyrins bearing different peripheral substituents as well as the corresponding monoesters and phosphonic acids are reported. This work describes the first example of the X-ray structure of a self-assembled dimer formed via strong binding between the oxygen atom of the phosphonate substituent and the gallium­(III) cations of adjacent porphyrin molecules [Ga–O = 1.9708(13) Å]

Gallium(III) and Indium(III) Complexes with <i>meso</i>-Monophosphorylated Porphyrins: Synthesis and Structure. A First Example of Dimers Formed by the Self-Assembly of <i>meso</i>-Porphyrinylphosphonic Acid Monoester

The synthesis and structural characterization, both in solution by means of ¹H and ³¹P NMR and UV–vis spectroscopies and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction on single crystal, of a series of gallium­(III) and indium­(III) <i>meso</i>-mono­(diethoxyphosphoryl)­porphyrins bearing different peripheral substituents as well as the corresponding monoesters and phosphonic acids are reported. This work describes the first example of the X-ray structure of a self-assembled dimer formed via strong binding between the oxygen atom of the phosphonate substituent and the gallium­(III) cations of adjacent porphyrin molecules [Ga–O = 1.9708(13) Å]

Molecular composition of the skeletal organic matrix from A. millepora.

<p>(A) Analysis of electrophoresis on gel after AgNO3 staining.(B) PVDF membrane revealed by autoradiography with 45Ca, calmodulin (CaM)was used as positive control. (C) Infrared absorption spectra of ASM and AIM fractions with assignment of the main peaks. MM – Molecular marker, ASM – Acid soluble matrix, AIM – Acid insoluble matrix.</p

SEM images of CaCO₃ crystals grown <i>in vitro</i> with the addition of different concentrations of ASM: (A) 0 µg.ml⁻¹, (B) 0.1 µg.ml⁻¹, (C) 1 µg.ml⁻¹, (E) 5 µg.ml⁻¹, (E) 10 µg.ml⁻¹ and (F) 20 µg.ml⁻¹.

<p>(G) Corresponding FTIR(ATR) absorbance spectra on the whole precipitated for the following ASM concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 20 µg.ml⁻¹.</p

Gallium(III) and Indium(III) Complexes with <i>meso</i>-Monophosphorylated Porphyrins: Synthesis and Structure. A First Example of Dimers Formed by the Self-Assembly of <i>meso</i>-Porphyrinylphosphonic Acid Monoester

The synthesis and structural characterization, both in solution by means of ¹H and ³¹P NMR and UV–vis spectroscopies and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction on single crystal, of a series of gallium­(III) and indium­(III) <i>meso</i>-mono­(diethoxyphosphoryl)­porphyrins bearing different peripheral substituents as well as the corresponding monoesters and phosphonic acids are reported. This work describes the first example of the X-ray structure of a self-assembled dimer formed via strong binding between the oxygen atom of the phosphonate substituent and the gallium­(III) cations of adjacent porphyrin molecules [Ga–O = 1.9708(13) Å]

Unusual Formation of a Stable 2D Copper Porphyrin Network

Copper­(II) 5,15-bis­(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin was obtained and characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and UV–visible spectroscopy. Three crystalline forms were grown and studied by means of X-ray diffraction methods (single crystal and powder). The highly electron-withdrawing effect of phosphoryl groups attached directly to the porphyrin macrocycle results in a self-assembling process, with formation of a stable 2D coordination network, which is unusual for copper­(II) porphyrins. The resulting 2D structure is a rare example of an assembly based on copper­(II) porphyrins where the copper­(II) central metal ion is six-coordinated because of a weak interaction with two phosphoryl groups of adjacent porphyrins. The other polymorph of copper­(II) 5,15-bis­(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin contains individual (isolated) porphyrin molecules with four-coordinated copper­(II) in a distorted porphyrin core. This polymorph can be obtained only by slow diffusion of a copper acetate/methanol solution into solutions of free base 5,15-bis­(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin in chloroform. It converts to the 2D structure after dissolution in chloroform followed by consecutive crystallizations, using slow diffusion of hexane. A six-coordinated copper­(II) porphyrin containing two axially coordinated dioxane molecules was also obtained and characterized by X-ray diffraction crystallography. The association of copper­(II) 5,15-bis­(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin in solution was also studied

Unusual Formation of a Stable 2D Copper Porphyrin Network

Copper­(II) 5,15-bis­(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin was obtained and characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and UV–visible spectroscopy. Three crystalline forms were grown and studied by means of X-ray diffraction methods (single crystal and powder). The highly electron-withdrawing effect of phosphoryl groups attached directly to the porphyrin macrocycle results in a self-assembling process, with formation of a stable 2D coordination network, which is unusual for copper­(II) porphyrins. The resulting 2D structure is a rare example of an assembly based on copper­(II) porphyrins where the copper­(II) central metal ion is six-coordinated because of a weak interaction with two phosphoryl groups of adjacent porphyrins. The other polymorph of copper­(II) 5,15-bis­(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin contains individual (isolated) porphyrin molecules with four-coordinated copper­(II) in a distorted porphyrin core. This polymorph can be obtained only by slow diffusion of a copper acetate/methanol solution into solutions of free base 5,15-bis­(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin in chloroform. It converts to the 2D structure after dissolution in chloroform followed by consecutive crystallizations, using slow diffusion of hexane. A six-coordinated copper­(II) porphyrin containing two axially coordinated dioxane molecules was also obtained and characterized by X-ray diffraction crystallography. The association of copper­(II) 5,15-bis­(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin in solution was also studied