374 research outputs found
Advances in testing for human papillomavirus-mediated head and neck cancer
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: New evidence has recently emerged regarding the utility and benefits of dual p16 INKa (p16) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) status testing when determining the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with oropharyngeal cancer.RECENT FINDINGS: HPV RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most accurate diagnostic test. The other assays (HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA/RNA in-situ hybridization (ISH) and p16) applied to formalin fixed tumour tissue have varying but high sensitivities and specificities. Dual p16 and HPV testing identifies discordant (p16+/HPV- or p16-/HPV+) results in 9.2% of cases, who have significantly poorer prognoses than p16+/HPV+, particularly in smokers. The proportion of discordant cases varies by region, and appears to be highest in regions with lowest attributable (p16+/HPV+) fractions. Dual testing improves prognostication for oropharyngeal cancer cases by identifying discordant cases and improving the prognostic power of the Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) classification, especially in regions with high discordant rates.SUMMARY: Dual testing is essential when considering patients for clinical trials of treatment de-escalation, and may be important when counselling patients on prognosis, especially in regions with high discordant rates and in smokers.</p
Advances in testing for human papillomavirus-mediated head and neck cancer
Purpose of review New evidence has recently emerged regarding the utility and benefits of dual p16INKa (p16) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) status testing when determining the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Recent findings HPV RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most accurate diagnostic test. The other assays (HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA/RNA in-situ hybridization (ISH) and p16) applied to formalin fixed tumour tissue have varying but high sensitivities and specificities. Dual p16 and HPV testing identifies discordant (p16+/HPV- or p16-/HPV+) results in 9.2% of cases, who have significantly poorer prognoses than p16+/HPV+, particularly in smokers. The proportion of discordant cases varies by region, and appears to be highest in regions with lowest attributable (p16+/HPV+) fractions. Dual testing improves prognostication for oropharyngeal cancer cases by identifying discordant cases and improving the prognostic power of the Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) classification, especially in regions with high discordant rates. Summary Dual testing is essential when considering patients for clinical trials of treatment de-escalation, and may be important when counselling patients on prognosis, especially in regions with high discordant rates and in smokers
Cheek Numbness Caused by Perineural Tumor Invasion of the Infraorbital Nerve:A Review of 3 Diagnostically Challenging Cases
Association between Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Thyroid Cancer in 64,628 Patients
BACKGROUND: The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is increasing although explanatory causes are lacking. A link between cancer and inflammation is well documented but unclear for autoimmune thyroid diseases and TC. We aimed to systematically review the association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid lymphoma (TL). METHODS: PubMed, OVID Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were searched from 1955 to 2016. The inclusion criteria were age >18 years, ≥20 cases of HT or TC. We collectively examined the incidence of HT in TC and of TC in HT. RESULTS: We identified 36 studies (64,628 subjects) published between 1955 and 2016 from 13 countries. We found a relative risk (RR) of HT among papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) of 2.36 [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.55–3.29, p < 0.001], an RR of PTC among HT of 1.40 (95% CI 1.07–1.85, p = 0.016), and an RR of TL among HT of 9.74 (95% CI 3.93–24.13, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We report an association between HT and PTC and between HT and TL. No association was found between HT and follicular, medullary, or anaplastic thyroid cancer
Cause-specific mortality in HPV+ and HPV- oropharyngeal cancer patients:insights from a population-based cohort
An Uncommon Case of Pediatric Esthesioneuroblastoma Presenting as SIADH:18F-FDG PET/CT in Staging and Post-Therapeutic Assessment
Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is an uncommon neuroendocrine tumor originating from the olfactory neuroepithelium and accounts for 3–6% of all intranasal tumors [1]. ENBs can be locally aggressive and cause invasion and destruction of surrounding structures. Histological grading and clinical stage at presentation are highly predictive of survival and especially presence of lymph node and distant metastases are determining prognostic factors [2,3,4,5]. Thus, reliable imaging is essential in these patients. Conventional imaging modalities for staging ENB are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). However, fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) has been reported as a valuable adjunct and was found to upstage 36% of ENB patients compared to conventional imaging [6]. We present a case demonstrating the diagnostic work-up and follow-up with 18F-FDG PET/CT in a young patient with ENB with a highly atypical clinical presentation
Clinical Features and Disease Course of Primary Angioedema Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Improved surgical resection of metastatic pancreatic cancer using uPAR targeted in vivo fluorescent guidance:comparison with traditional white light surgery
Construction of a pathological risk model of occult lymph node metastases for prognostication by semi-automated image analysis of tumor budding in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging improves the nodal yield in neck dissection in oral cavity cancer:A randomized study
- …