2 research outputs found
Transient Photovoltage in Perovskite Solar Cells: Interaction of Trap-Mediated Recombination and Migration of Multiple Ionic Species
It
is highly probable that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are mixed
electronic-ionic conductors, with ion migration being the driving
force for PSC hysteresis. However, there is much that is not understood
about the interaction of ion migration with other processes in the
cell. The key question is: what factors of a PSC are influenced when
ions are free to move? In this contribution, we employ a numerical
drift-diffusion model of PSCs to show that the migration of both anions
and cations in interaction with trap-mediated recombination in the
bulk and/or at the surfaces of the perovskite absorber can manifest
both current–voltage hysteresis and unusual nonmonotonic PSC
photovoltage transients. We identify that a key mechanism of this
interaction is the influence of the net ionic charge throughout the
perovskite bulkî—¸which varies as the ions approach new steady-state
conditionsî—¸on the distribution of electrons and holes and subsequently
the spatial distribution of trap-mediated recombination modeled after
Shockley Read Hall (SRH) statistics. Relative to intrinsic recombination
mechanisms, SRH recombination can be highly sensitive to local asymmetries
of the electron–hole population. We show that this sensitivity
is key to replicating nonmonotonic transients with multiple time constants,
the forms of which may have suggested multiple processes. This work
therefore supports the conceptualization of the hysteretic behavior
of PSCs as dominated by the interplay between ion migration and trap-mediated
recombination throughout the perovskite absorber
Ultralow Absorption Coefficient and Temperature Dependence of Radiative Recombination of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite from Photoluminescence
Spectrally resolved photoluminescence
is used to measure the band-to-band
absorption coefficient α<sub>BB</sub>(ℏω) of organic–inorganic
hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>) films from 675 to 1400 nm. Unlike other methods
used to extract the absorption coefficient, photoluminescence is only
affected by band-to-band absorption and is capable of detecting absorption
events at very low energy levels. Absorption coefficients as low as
10<sup>–14</sup> cm<sup>–1</sup> are detected at room
temperature for long wavelengths, which is 14 orders of magnitude
lower than reported values at shorter wavelengths. The temperature
dependence of α<sub>BB</sub>(ℏω) is calculated
from the photoluminescence spectra of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> in the temperature range 80–360 K. Based on
the temperature-dependent α<sub>BB</sub>(ℏω), the
product of the radiative recombination coefficient and square of the
intrinsic carrier density, <i>B</i>(<i>T</i>)
Ă— <i>n</i><sub><i>i</i></sub><sup>2</sup>, is also obtained