Development of a DAQ system for the CMS ECAL Phase 2 recommissioning

In view of the High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in the barrel region of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) the entire readout electronics will be replaced to cope with the more stringent requirements in terms of trigger latency, acquisition rate, and radiation and pileup resilience. The configuration sequence for the new on-detector electronics, involving both the improved very-front-end and front-end cards, is reported. The sequence of commands and parameters to load in the electronics is controlled by a software developed at CERN by the ECAL upgrade group and it will be the base on which to build the new data acquisition system (DAQ)

Search for long-lived heavy neutral leptons with lepton flavour conserving or violating decays to a jet and a charged lepton

A preprint version of the article is available at arXiv:2312.07484v3 [hep-ex], https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.07484 . Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-21-013 (CMS Public Pages)A search for long-lived heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) is presented, which considers the hadronic final state and coupling scenarios involving all three lepton generations in the 2-20 GeV HNL mass range for the first time. Events comprising two leptons (electrons or muons) and jets are analyzed in a data sample of proton-proton collisions, recorded with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. A novel jet tagger, based on a deep neural network, has been developed to identify jets from an HNL decay using various features of the jet and its constituent particles. The network output can be used as a powerful discriminating tool to probe a broad range of HNL lifetimes and masses. Contributions from background processes are determined from data. No excess of events in data over the expected background is observed. Upper limits on the HNL production cross section are derived as functions of the HNL mass and the three coupling strengths VℓN to each lepton generation ℓ and presented as exclusion limits in the coupling-mass plane, as lower limits on the HNL lifetime, and on the HNL mass. In this search, the most stringent limit on the coupling strength is obtained for pure muon coupling scenarios; values of |VμN|2 > 5 (4) × 10−7 are excluded for Dirac (Majorana) HNLs with a mass of 10 GeV at a confidence level of 95% that correspond to proper decay lengths of 17 (10) mm.SCOAP3

Development of a DAQ system for the CMS ECAL Phase 2 recommissioning

In view of the High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in the barrel region of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) the entire readout electronics will be replaced to cope with the more stringent requirements in terms of trigger latency, acquisition rate, and radiation and pileup resilience. The configuration sequence for the new on-detector electronics, involving both the improved very-front-end and front-end cards, is reported. The sequence of commands and parameters to load in the electronics is controlled by a software developed at CERN by the ECAL upgrade group and it will be the base on which to build the new data acquisition system (DAQ)

Development of a DAQ system for the CMS ECAL Phase 2 recommissioning

International audienceIn view of the High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in the barrel region of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) the entire readout electronics will be replaced to cope with the more stringent requirements in terms of trigger latency, acquisition rate, and radiation and pileup resilience. The configuration sequence for the new on-detector electronics, involving both the improved very-front-end and front-end cards, is reported. The sequence of commands and parameters to load in the electronics is controlled by a software developed at CERN by the ECAL upgrade group and it will be the base on which to build the new data acquisition system (DAQ)

Design of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter trigger primitive generator system

International audienceThe CMS collaboration has chosen a novel high granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) to instrument the endcap regions as part of its upgrade for the high luminosity LHC. The HGCAL will have fine segmentation in both the transverse and longitudinal directions and will be the first such calorimeter specifically optimised for particle flow reconstruction to operate at a colliding-beam experiment. The calorimeter data will be part of the Level 1 trigger of the CMS experiment and, together with tracking information, will allow particle-flow techniques to be used in this first level trigger. The Level 1 trigger has tight constraints on latency and rate and will be implemented in hardware. The high granularity leads to about six million readout channels in total, that are concentrated in one million trigger cells, sampled at 40 MHz for the Level 1 trigger. This presents a significant challenge in terms of data manipulation and data processing for the trigger system as the trigger data volumes will be an order of magnitude above those currently handled in CMS. In addition, the high luminosity will result in an average of up to 200 interactions per bunch crossing that yield a huge background rate in the forward region that will need to be efficiently rejected by the trigger algorithms. Furthermore, reconstruction of the three-dimensional particle clusters to be used for particle flow in events with high hit rates is also a complex computational problem for the trigger. The status of the HGCAL trigger architecture and design, as well as the various challenges encountered and the methodologies developed to improve these major aspects, will be presented

Design of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter trigger primitive generator system

The CMS collaboration has chosen a novel high granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) to instrument the endcap regions as part of its upgrade for the high luminosity LHC. The HGCAL will have fine segmentation in both the transverse and longitudinal directions and will be the first such calorimeter specifically optimised for particle flow reconstruction to operate at a colliding-beam experiment. The calorimeter data will be part of the Level 1 trigger of the CMS experiment and, together with tracking information, will allow particle-flow techniques to be used in this first level trigger. The Level 1 trigger has tight constraints on latency and rate and will be implemented in hardware. The high granularity leads to about six million readout channels in total, that are concentrated in one million trigger cells, sampled at 40 MHz for the Level 1 trigger. This presents a significant challenge in terms of data manipulation and data processing for the trigger system as the trigger data volumes will be an order of magnitude above those currently handled in CMS. In addition, the high luminosity will result in an average of up to 200 interactions per bunch crossing that yield a huge background rate in the forward region that will need to be efficiently rejected by the trigger algorithms. Furthermore, reconstruction of the three-dimensional particle clusters to be used for particle flow in events with high hit rates is also a complex computational problem for the trigger. The status of the HGCAL trigger architecture and design, as well as the various challenges encountered and the methodologies developed to improve these major aspects, will be presented

La fama nell’ordinamento romano. I casi di Afrania e di Lucrezia

The article starts from an examination of statutory and pretorian law on the legal elements of infamia and ignominia. In this context it sheds light on the influence of the censor’s control activity on the social and legal phenomenon of fama. The results thus obtained are verified by the analysis of two types of women, Afrania and Lucretia, both actors and, although in different ways, “victims” of their own fama. However, while Afrania remains a prisoner of the mechanism of fama, Lucretia is able to use it successfully