ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM CALVES WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Introduction: Respiratory disease in calves is an actual problem, a major cause of economic losses due to mortality, growth delay and improper development. These conditions are frequent in calves due to the weaning stress, transport and environmental changes.Aims: The aim of this study was the isolation of bacteria from 30 calves with respiratory disorders and their antibiotic susceptibility testing.Materials and methods: Samples were collected from calves with respiratory disorders (nasal discharge) aged 6 to 9 weeks in 2 series, using sterile swabs. Samples were initially inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar following the characteristics of the colonies and microscopic examination that enabled the identification of bacterial species. Isolated strains were used to flood Mueller-Hinton agar to carry out sensitivity testing. The antibiotics tested were represented by: Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, Gentamicin, Florfenicol, Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin, Penicillin G, Cefquinone, Tulathromycin, Ceftiofur, Tylosin and Cephalotin.Results: Genus Streptococcus have been identified in 23 samples, followed by Staphylococcus identified in 14 samples, and Bacillus spp., in 10 nasal swabs; The most common bacteria associations were represented by Streptococcus-Staphylococcus, Streptococcus-Staphylococcus-Bacillus, and Streptococcus-E.coli. The most efficient antibiotic was Cefquinome (Cobactan), followed by Penicillin G and Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (Amoxiclav); the least effective antibiotics were Florfenicol and Tulathromycin. Conclusions: The study carried out on nasal discharge samples collected from calves with respiratory disorders and their antimicrobial profile testing led to the following conclusions: 1) Low susceptibility to Florfenicol is caused by previous treatments when this molecule was excessively used and without prior sensitivity testing. 2) Cefquinome may represent an emergency therapeutic antibiotic for respiratory infections in calves, but the administration should always be preceded by susceptibility testing of the isolates

Dynamics of livestock and production of sheep and goats exploited in farms from Romania

With its about 10 million sheep and goats, Romania ranks third in Europe after United Kingdom and Spain. Though, in Romania, lamb consumption is significant only at Easter, at world level mutton is much appreciated. In Romania, according to the General Agricultural Census in 2010, there were 8,386,000 sheep, of which 8,152,000 (97.21%) on agricultural establishments with no legal personality and 234,000 (2.79%) on legal personality establishments. There were also 1,237,000 goats exclusively on farms with no legal personality. The domestic market, lamb demand has decreased these last years significantly because of the decrease of the purchase power of the Romanians and because of the better export price. Demands at world level ask Romanian sheep breeders to improve their animals in order to produce better meat and milk. Romania benefits from a series of factors that will allow it, in time, to achieve better performances both quantitatively and qualitatively, particularly in sheep

Studies on the effect of the number of farrowed sows in heat per box

This scientific paper has as main objective the way how the type of box influences the number of farrowed sow. The number of sows of the Landrace breed that are in heat after weaning the piglets, tidmatter the duration of lactation or the number of boxes they are located in, is considerably larger than that of oestrus sows during lactation. Animal density in the box obviously influenced the appearance of heat, the largest share being in sows located by seven, i.e. 96.25%, and the lowest one, 59.68%, was in the sows located in larger boxes (32 capita). Achieving high performances of production and reproduction in raising swine greatly depends on the way animals are taken care of and exploited, i.e. the shedding system, the exploitation technology, the building material of the sheds, inside equipment, and degree of mechanisation. In sows with a 35-day lactation, the share of post partum heat occurrence had close values (though somewhat smaller), oscillating between 19.52% and 23.33%

In Vitro Preparation And Testing Of Anti-Salmonella Vaccine Against Abortion In Sheep

Abstract: In March 2016, the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Cluj-Napoca, 3 type of antisalmonella vaccine for sheep were prepared. For type 1, 24 hours salmonella on brain heart infusion (BHI) broth culture, heat inactivated for 1 hour at 60°C, then with formaldehyde in a concentration of 3 ‰. Variant 2 - the culture supernatant obtained on solid BHI medium, washed with PBS, frozen-thawed 6 times, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 minutes, filtered through 0.2 μm Millipore filter Orange Scientific. Variant 3 - suspension of cell walls remaining after centrifugation suspended in PBS and inactivated with formaldehyde.After the bacterial and fungal sterility control, the three types of vaccine were administered in rabbits by the subcutaneous route at a dose of 1 ml/individual along with 1 ml of plant extract adjuvant (decoction of Ewernia prunastri) sterilized by filtration.There have been two booster inoculations of the initial administration, 7 and 14 days after. Before each dose of vaccine, blood was sampled from the marginal auricular vein in order to control the immunogenicity by anti-somatic ˮOˮ serum antibody (Ab) titration using slow microplate agglutination test (Widal reaction). After three inoculations with the vaccine variant 1, Ab serum titer reached 1/128, and in types 2 and 3, 1/512 after 2 inoculations, decreasing to 1/256 after the second booster administered with no immunomodulator

Dynamics of livestock and production of sheep and goats exploited in farms from Romania

With its about 10 million sheep and goats, Romania ranks third in Europe after United Kingdom and Spain. Though, in Romania, lamb consumption is significant only at Easter, at world level mutton is much appreciated. In Romania, according to the General Agricultural Census in 2010, there were 8,386,000 sheep, of which 8,152,000 (97.21%) on agricultural establishments with no legal personality and 234,000 (2.79%) on legal personality establishments. There were also 1,237,000 goats exclusively on farms with no legal personality. The domestic market, lamb demand has decreased these last years significantly because of the decrease of the purchase power of the Romanians and because of the better export price. Demands at world level ask Romanian sheep breeders to improve their animals in order to produce better meat and milk. Romania benefits from a series of factors that will allow it, in time, to achieve better performances both quantitatively and qualitatively, particularly in sheep

Studies on the effect of the number of farrowed sows in heat per box

This scientific paper has as main objective the way how the type of box influences the number of farrowed sow. The number of sows of the Landrace breed that are in heat after weaning the piglets, tidmatter the duration of lactation or the number of boxes they are located in, is considerably larger than that of oestrus sows during lactation. Animal density in the box obviously influenced the appearance of heat, the largest share being in sows located by seven, i.e. 96.25%, and the lowest one, 59.68%, was in the sows located in larger boxes (32 capita). Achieving high performances of production and reproduction in raising swine greatly depends on the way animals are taken care of and exploited, i.e. the shedding system, the exploitation technology, the building material of the sheds, inside equipment, and degree of mechanisation. In sows with a 35-day lactation, the share of post partum heat occurrence had close values (though somewhat smaller), oscillating between 19.52% and 23.33%