The boundedness of commutators of sublinear operators on Herz Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with variable exponent

In this paper, the authors first discuss the characterization of Herz Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with variable exponent via two families of operators. By this characterization, the authors prove that the Lipschitz commutators of sublinear operators is bounded from Herz spaces with variable exponent to Herz Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with variable exponent. As an application, the corresponding boundedness estimates for the commutators of maximal operator, Riesz potential operator and Calder\'on-Zygmund operator are established.Comment: commutator; sublinear operator; Lipschitz spaces; Herz Triebel-Lizorkin spaces; variable exponen

Role of Inflammatory Factors in Regulation of Osteogenesis in Tissue-Engineered Bone

It was traditionally considered that the inhibition of inflammatory reaction is necessary for osteogenesis, but the latest issue argued inflammation is unavoidable in the process of bone trauma, and physiological inflammatory reaction is essential to achieve bone formation. Tissue-engineered bone graft is not only associated with osteoblast-related cells; the inflammatory reaction is the initial physiological process, mainly with neutrophil infiltration, which secretes MCP-1, IL-8, and other chemokines and further promotes dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and mononuclear macrophages to move in. The activation pathways of macrophages have a direct effect on the outcome of the inflammatory reaction and the healing, which are divided into the classical approach (M1) and the alternative approach (M2). The M1 pathway secretes IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-α, and other pro-inflammatory factors, while the M2 pathway secretes arginase, IL-1Ra, IL-4, and other anti-inflammatory cytokines, also with bone-healing-related growth factors, which promote homing of bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs)

Study on TCM Syndrome Identification Modes of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Data Mining

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important types of heart disease because of its high incidence and high mortality. TCM has played an important role in the treatment of CHD. Syndrome differentiation based on information from traditional four diagnostic methods has met challenges and questions with the rapid development and wide application of system biology. In this paper, methods of complex network and CHAID decision tree were applied to identify the TCM core syndromes of patients with CHD, and to establish TCM syndrome identification modes of CHD based on biological parameters. At the same time, external validation modes were also constructed to confirm the identification modes

Bioinspired cellulose-integrated MXene-based hydrogels for multifunctional sensing and electromagnetic interference shielding

Bioinspired hydrogels are complex materials with distinctive properties comparable to biological tissues. Their exceptional sensitivity to various external stimuli leads to substantial application potential in wearable smart devices. However, these multifaceted hydrogels are often challenging to be combined with pattern customization, stimulus responsiveness, self-healing, and biocompatibility. Herein, inspired by mussel secretions, a printable, self-healing, and biocompatible MXene-based composite hydrogel was designed and prepared by incorporating Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets into the hydrogel framework through the chelation of calcium ions (Ca2+) with polyacrylic acid and cellulose nanofibers at alkaline conditions. The biocompatible conductive hydrogel exhibited sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.16), self-healing (within 1 s), recognition, and adhesion, distinguishing it as an ideal candidate for wearable multifunctional sensors toward strain sensing, vocal sensing, signature detection, and Morse code transmission. Additionally, the multifunctional hydrogel manifested efficient electromagnetic interference shielding properties (reaching more than 30 dB at a thickness of 2.0 mm), protecting electronics and humans from electromagnetic radiation and pollution. Therefore, the presented work represents a versatile strategy for developing environmentally friendly conductive hydrogels, demonstrating the perspectives of intelligent hydrogels for multifunctional applications