18 research outputs found
Weakly--exceptional quotient singularities
A singularity is said to be weakly--exceptional if it has a unique purely log
terminal blow up. In dimension , V. Shokurov proved that weakly--exceptional
quotient singularities are exactly those of types , , ,
. This paper classifies the weakly--exceptional quotient singularities
in dimensions and
Π¦Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ: ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Main clinical-pharmacological effects of dipiridamol action are considered in the context of its use in case of cerebrovascular disease. The vasodilatating effect of the medicine, antioxidative effect and ability to improve tissue perfusion are accentuated. The results of experimental and clinical research work reflecting efficacy and safety of dipiridamol are introduced. Pleiotropic action mechanism of the medicament whicht makes it possible to have a complex influence at pathogenetic factors of cerebrovascular disease is noted.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ
Π¦Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ: ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Main clinical-pharmacological effects of dipiridamol action are considered in the context of its use in case of cerebrovascular disease. The vasodilatating effect of the medicine, antioxidative effect and ability to improve tissue perfusion are accentuated. The results of experimental and clinical research work reflecting efficacy and safety of dipiridamol are introduced. Pleiotropic action mechanism of the medicament whicht makes it possible to have a complex influence at pathogenetic factors of cerebrovascular disease is noted.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ
Could inhalational drugs be interchangeable?
Clinical efficacy of an inhalational drugs depends on proper inhalation technique and aerodynamic properties of aerosol including the respirable fraction. Investigations of systemic pharmacokinetics of inhalational drugs could not always estimate their pharmacological equivalence so as rela tionships between the inhaled dose, the systemic concentration and the topic activity of an inhalational drug are not fully investigated. Therefore, identical formulation and similar route of administration are not sufficient to estimate pharmacological interchangeability. Possibility to interchange inhalational agents has still been controversial. As such, equal efficacy and safety of inhalational drugs with the same active substance could be esti mated in real clinical practice according to results of postmarketing trials and pharmacological surveillance. Spontaneous messages are a tool for gathering information about unwanted reactions or drug inefficacy and possible risks of substitution of drugs within the same international nonpro prietary name. In summary, it is necessary to estimate pharmacological equivalence and interchangeability of inhalational drugs carefully. This approach could improve efficacy and safety of treatment of patients with asthma and COPD. Β© 2017 Medical Education. All rights reserved
DIFFERENTIAL UTILIZATION OF VASODILATORS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CARDIAC-FAILURE
Vasodilators (captopril or nifedipine) were administered to 85 patients with stage IIA-IIB circulatory insufficiency. Of them 36 had dilated cardiomyopathy (DC), 30 ischemic heart disease (IHD), 19 suffered from essential hypertension (EH). Morphofunctionally, myocardial lesion was of a dilated type in 50 patients (36 DC, 10 IHD and 4 EH cases), of a hypertrophic type in 18 patients (4 IHD, 14 EH cases), of a mixed type in 17 IHD patients. The response to acute tests with 25 mg captopril and 20 mg nifedipine along with clinicohemodynamic results of 3-5-week course treatment with the drugs point to noticeable advantage of captopril in the dilated lesion (18 responders of 26 patients), while nifedipine in the hypertrophic type (10 responders of 10 patients). In mixed-type IHD patients both drugs displayed high efficacy
DIFFERENTIAL UTILIZATION OF VASODILATORS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CARDIAC-FAILURE
Vasodilators (captopril or nifedipine) were administered to 85 patients with stage IIA-IIB circulatory insufficiency. Of them 36 had dilated cardiomyopathy (DC), 30 ischemic heart disease (IHD), 19 suffered from essential hypertension (EH). Morphofunctionally, myocardial lesion was of a dilated type in 50 patients (36 DC, 10 IHD and 4 EH cases), of a hypertrophic type in 18 patients (4 IHD, 14 EH cases), of a mixed type in 17 IHD patients. The response to acute tests with 25 mg captopril and 20 mg nifedipine along with clinicohemodynamic results of 3-5-week course treatment with the drugs point to noticeable advantage of captopril in the dilated lesion (18 responders of 26 patients), while nifedipine in the hypertrophic type (10 responders of 10 patients). In mixed-type IHD patients both drugs displayed high efficacy
Could inhalational drugs be interchangeable?
Clinical efficacy of an inhalational drugs depends on proper inhalation technique and aerodynamic properties of aerosol including the respirable fraction. Investigations of systemic pharmacokinetics of inhalational drugs could not always estimate their pharmacological equivalence so as rela tionships between the inhaled dose, the systemic concentration and the topic activity of an inhalational drug are not fully investigated. Therefore, identical formulation and similar route of administration are not sufficient to estimate pharmacological interchangeability. Possibility to interchange inhalational agents has still been controversial. As such, equal efficacy and safety of inhalational drugs with the same active substance could be esti mated in real clinical practice according to results of postmarketing trials and pharmacological surveillance. Spontaneous messages are a tool for gathering information about unwanted reactions or drug inefficacy and possible risks of substitution of drugs within the same international nonpro prietary name. In summary, it is necessary to estimate pharmacological equivalence and interchangeability of inhalational drugs carefully. This approach could improve efficacy and safety of treatment of patients with asthma and COPD. Β© 2017 Medical Education. All rights reserved
Π’Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ: ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ vs Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ)
Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood and more often manifests in early childhood. Despite the fact that to date, available findings about efficacy and safety of bronchial asthma pharmacotherapy in children are limited, available data allow us to recommend a step-wise approach in patients aged 5 years and younger, including administration of inhaled glucocorticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists. In this article, authors discuss the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties of these classes of drugs onthe example of budesonide and montelukast, and compare the efficacy and safety of their use in pediatric practice.ΠΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 5 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅