Convergence to global equilibrium for Fokker-Planck equations on a graph and Talagrand-type inequalities

In recent work, Chow, Huang, Li and Zhou introduced the study of Fokker-Planck equations for a free energy function defined on a finite graph. When $N\ge 2$ is the number of vertices of the graph, they show that the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is a system of $N$ nonlinear ordinary differential equations defined on a Riemannian manifold of probability distributions. The different choices for inner products on the space of probability distributions result in different Fokker-Planck equations for the same process. Each of these Fokker-Planck equations has a unique global equilibrium, which is a Gibbs distribution. In this paper we study the {\em speed of convergence} towards global equilibrium for the solution of these Fokker-Planck equations on a graph, and prove that the convergence is indeed exponential. The rate as measured by the decay of the $L_2$ norm can be bound in terms of the spectral gap of the Laplacian of the graph, and as measured by the decay of (relative) entropy be bound using the modified logarithmic Sobolev constant of the graph. With the convergence result, we also prove two Talagrand-type inequalities relating relative entropy and Wasserstein metric, based on two different metrics introduced in [CHLZ] The first one is a local inequality, while the second is a global inequality with respect to the "lower bound metric" from [CHLZ]

Tsurumiism

Cet article analyse le leadership de Tsurumi en matière de justice sociale à travers son étude des féminismes et de l’histoire du Japon. Tsurumi a révélé la brutalité capitaliste vécue par les filles travaillant dans les usines japonaises et les personnes colonisées à Taïwan et a conduit les universitaires à déterrer la colonisation interne à Sanya et à offrir des solutions alter-natives viables pour remplacer le système capitaliste japonais

Density slope of the nuclear symmetry energy from the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei

Expressing explicitly the parameters of the standard Skyrme interaction in terms of the macroscopic properties of asymmetric nuclear matter, we show in the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach that unambiguous correlations exist between observables of finite nuclei and nuclear matter properties. We find that existing data on neutron skin thickness $\Delta r_{np}$ of Sn isotopes give an important constraint on the symmetry energy $E_{sym}({\rho _{0}})$ and its density slope $L$ at saturation density ${\rho _{0}}$. Combining these constraints with those from recent analyses of isospin diffusion and double neutron/proton ratio in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies leads to a more stringent limit on $L$ approximately independent of $E_{sym}({\rho _{0}})$. The implication of these new constraints on the $\Delta r_{np}$ of $^{208}$Pb as well as the core-crust transition density and pressure in neutron stars is discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Significantly expanded to include a number of details and discussions. Title shortened. Accepted version to appear in PR

20(S)-Protopanaxatriol (Ppt) Exhibits Inhibition Towards UDPGlucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-Catalyzed Zidovudine Glucuronidation

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is a challenging problem for treatment of HIV-infected patients. Zidovudine (AZT), prescribed under the names Retrovir and Retrovis, is the first U.S. government-approved antiretroviral drug used for the successful treatment of HIV/AIDS infectiousness. Given that ginseng is frequently utilized in combination with AZT and AZT is mainly eliminated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7, the aim of present study is to investigate the inhibition of UGT2B7-catalyzed AZT glucuronidation by 20(S)-protopanaxatriol type (Ppt) which is the main ginsenoside absorbed into the plasma. The results showed that ppt competitively inhibited UGT2B7-catalyzed AZT glucuronidation, and the inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki ) was determined to be 24.7 μM. Using the maximum plasma concentration of ppt (Cmax ), the alteration of area under the curve (AUC) of AZT was 6 %. All these results provide important information for understanding ginseng-AZT interaction. However, considering the complication of herbs and individuals, the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IV-IVE) results should be explained with more caution.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

20(S)-Protopanaxatriol (Ppt) Exhibits Inhibition Towards UDPGlucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-Catalyzed Zidovudine Glucuronidation

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is a challenging problem for treatment of HIV-infected patients. Zidovudine (AZT), prescribed under the names Retrovir and Retrovis, is the first U.S. government-approved antiretroviral drug used for the successful treatment of HIV/AIDS infectiousness. Given that ginseng is frequently utilized in combination with AZT and AZT is mainly eliminated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7, the aim of present study is to investigate the inhibition of UGT2B7-catalyzed AZT glucuronidation by 20(S)-protopanaxatriol type (Ppt) which is the main ginsenoside absorbed into the plasma. The results showed that ppt competitively inhibited UGT2B7-catalyzed AZT glucuronidation, and the inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki ) was determined to be 24.7 μM. Using the maximum plasma concentration of ppt (Cmax ), the alteration of area under the curve (AUC) of AZT was 6 %. All these results provide important information for understanding ginseng-AZT interaction. However, considering the complication of herbs and individuals, the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IV-IVE) results should be explained with more caution.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire