Profil clinique et bactériologique des infections néonatales bactériennes à l’Hôpital Laquintinie de Douala, Cameroun

Introduction: L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé a estimé la survenue globale de décès néonatal à 2,8 millions en 2015, dont 47,6% étaient dues aux infections. Ces infections peuvent survenir chez un nouveau-né de 0 à un mois de vie, pouvant aller jusqu'à 3 mois. Méthodes: C'est une étude prospective allant du 1er mars au 30 juin 2015 au Service de néonatologie de l'Hôpital Laquintinie de Douala. Etaient inclus tout nouveau-né symptomatique avec ou sans critère anamnestique et tout nouveau-né asymptomatique, présentant au moins un risque infectieux et ayant au moins une culture positive ou une anomalie de la numération formule sanguine ou une protéine C réactive positive. Résultats: Des 310 nouveau-nés admis, 300 ont été retenus pour infection néonatale, soit une incidence de 96,8%. Nous avons réalisé 104 cultures dont 25 positives, soit une incidence de l'infection néonatale confirmée de 24%. Les facteurs associés à l'infection étaient la prématurité inexpliquée <35 semaines d'aménorrhée(45,1%) et la réanimation néonatale (34,8%). La fièvre (56%) et les troubles neurologiques (48,8%) étaient les manifestations cliniques les plus fréquentes. Les Gram négatifs étaient les germes les plus fréquents (56%). L'imipenème (95%) et l'amikacine (66,7%) étaient les antibiotiques les plusefficaces. L'évolution était favorable dans 66,4% des cas et le taux de décès était de 33,6%. Conclusion: Cette étude révèle une forte prévalence de l'infection dans cet hôpital. L'écologie bactérienne est dominée par les Gram négatifs, on note une importante résistance aux antibiotiques usuels et une mortalité assez élevée.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

Incidence of Post-Operative Complications and Factors Influencing Their Occurrence in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in a Low-Income Country: A Case Study of Cameroon

This study aimed to analyse post-operative complications and possible factors influencing their occurrence in the management of patients with sickle cell disease in a low-income country. We prospectively collected data regarding the management of patients with sickle cell disease requiring anesthesia for surgery in 11 Cameroonian hospitals from 1 May 2019 to 30 April 2021. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression was used to determine the dependence between the variables. A total of 124 patients with sickle cell disease were enrolled; 64 were male and 60 female, giving a sex ratio of 0.93. The rate of post-operative complications was 23.4% (29/124) and the death rate was 3.2% (4/124). The female subjects had more complications than the male subjects p < 0.05. The number of vaso-occlusive crises experienced per year showed a significant impact on the occurrence of post-operative complications p < 0.05. Laparoscopic surgery had fewer post-operative complications 5/46 (10.9%) than laparotomy 14/43 (32.5%). The surgical technique for the abdominal procedures had a significant impact on the occurrence of post-operative complications p < 0.05. The type of surgery (p = 0.198) and the anaesthesia technique (p = 0.225) did not show a significant impact on the occurrence of post-operative complications. Particular attention should be paid to female patients with sickle cell disease as they are more likely to experience postoperative complications, as well as to the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises, which are also predictive of post-operative complications. Opting for laparoscopic surgery whenever possible would help to reduce post-operative complications.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Diagnosis and treatment challenges of autism spectrum disorder at a reference hospital in Douala, Cameroon

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability associated with deficiency in social interaction, unusual development of social communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors, interests and activities. This study aimed to describe management of pediatric ASD in Cameroon, a resource-constrained Central Africa country. Methods A retrospective study was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022 at the Pediatrics department of a reference hospital in the town of Douala. Data of interest of children with ASD were collected through eligible medical records and telephone discussions with their parents/guardians. Results Medical records of 145 children with ASD aged 2–15 years were included in the study, giving a hospital ASD prevalence of 3.7%. Time delay between parental concerns and hospital management was specified in 69 (47.58%) children, and among them 38 (55.07%) had a mean delay ± SD was less than five months. Children were mainly males (76%) and aged 4–5 years (37.93%), with mean age ± SD of 44.4 ± 22.2 months old. The main consultation reason was delayed language development (100%). Mean time delay between parental concerns and the first medical consultation was 18 months (range 1–60 month). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were found in 68.18% of children aged ≥ 6 years old. Neuropsychology (66.2%) was the most frequently used intervention. Some children were treated using traditional medicine. Conclusions Management of pediatric ASD is strongly influenced by socioeconomic and cultural context. It is crucial to implement behavioral change campaigns in community, organize training sessions to medical staff on diagnosis and treatment of ASD, and provide specialized centers with skilled staff and equipped material

Exploring Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Caregivers of Children and Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease and HIV: A Comparative Analysis

Introduction. Paediatric HIV and sickle cell disease (SCD) are two stigmatising and potentially fatal illnesses that place a significant burden on families. HIV patients benefit from a longstanding free-service national programme in Cameroon, and this could considerably alleviate burden of care on HIV caregivers, possibly leading to better quality of life (QoL) in HIV caregivers compared to SCD caregivers. Our study aimed to compare the QoL between caregivers of children and adolescents with SCD and HIV and explore factors associated with this QoL in Cameroon. Methods and Materials. We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional analytic study at Douala Laquintinie Hospital from February to May 2023. A questionnaire was administered to caregivers of paediatric patients (≤18 years) with SCD and HIV. The Pediatrics Quality of Life-Family Impact Module (PedsQL FIM), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and the 9-item Patient Health Question (PHQ-9) tools were used as measures of quality of life, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine factors associated with quality of life. A significance level was set at p<0.05. Results. We included 199 caregivers: SCD = 104 and HIV = 95. The mean age of caregivers in our sample was 40.47 ± 10.18 years. Caregivers of paediatric patients with HIV had a better mean quality of life than SCD (93.01 ± 7.35SD versus 64.86 ± 9.20SD, p<0.001). PHQ-9 score (B = −1.52, 95% CI = [-2.08; −0.96], p=<0.001), GAD-7 score (B = −1.46, 95% CI = [-2.09; −0.83], p=<0.001), spending less than 75 000 FCFA on medications monthly (B = 12.13, 95% CI = [5.73; 18.94], p=<0.001), and being a SCD caregiver (B = −11.62, 95% CI = [-18.46; −4.78], p=0.001) were factors independently associated with quality of life on multivariable analysis. Conclusion. Quality of life is lower in caregivers of children and adolescents with SCD than with HIV. Preventing depression and anxiety as well as advocating for the subsidization of medications through a national SCD program may improve quality of life in SCD caregivers

Etiology and clinical characteristics of pediatric acute fever among hospitalized children in an endemic malaria transmission area of Cameroon in Central Africa.

Acute fever in the majority of children in resource-limited countries is attributable to malaria and often treated without laboratory evidence. The aim of the study was to characterize acute pediatric infectious fevers (APIF) in the pediatric department of the Douala Laquintinie Hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 2 months to 15 years who were admitted with an acute fever (anal temperature ≥ 37.5°C less than 5 days in infants and 7 days in adolescents). 200 children were included and followed up during their hospitalization. The mean age was 3.7 (IQ25-75: 1-4.6) years. More than 3 out of 5 patients (62.5%) came from another health facility and anemia accounted for 29% of the reasons for consultation associated with fever. The main symptoms were vomiting (28%), cough (26%), convulsions (21%) and diarrhea (20%). Skin-mucosal pallor (43.0%) and hepatosplenomegaly (26.0%) were the most common physical signs encountered. Among febrile children, 116/200 (58%) were infected with at least 1 pathogen, and 1/200 (0.5%) had a fever of unknown etiology. Malaria (53% vs 80.5% presumptive) associated with anemia (95.3% of cases) was the most common pathology associated with APIF, followed by pneumonia (19.5%), meningitis (11.5%) and urinary tract infections (10% vs 54.5% presumptive). Malaria was over-diagnosed on admission and over-treated as well as urinary tract infection. A better understanding of common pathogens carriage, a better capacity for improved diagnosis and a better applied clinical algorithm for febrile illnesses in children are needed

In-ICU Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients in a Reference Cameroonian Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction. Mortality rate amongst critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is disproportionately high in sub-Saharan African countries such as Cameroon. Identifying factors associated with higher in-ICU mortality guides more aggressive resuscitative measures to curb mortality, but the dearth of data on predictors of in-ICU mortality precludes this action. We aimed to determine predictors of in-ICU mortality in a major referral ICU in Cameroon. Methodology. This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted to the ICU of Douala Laquintinie Hospital from 1st of March 2021 to 28th February 2022. We performed a multivariable analysis of sociodemographic, vital signs on admission, and other clinical and laboratory variables of patients discharged alive and dead from the ICU to control for confounding factors. Significance level was set at p145 meq/L) (aOR = 0.39 (0.17–0.84) 95% CI, p=0.022). Conclusion. The in-ICU mortality rate in this major referral Cameroonian ICU is high. Six in 10 patients admitted to the ICU die. Patients were more likely to die if admitted with deep coma and high sodium levels in the blood

Malaria in patients with sickle cell anaemia: burden, risk factors and outcome at the Laquintinie hospital, Cameroon

BACKGROUND : It is believed that the current prevalence of malaria in endemic areas reflects selection for the carrier form of sickle cell trait through a survival advantage. Malaria has been incriminated as a great cause of mortality in people with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, people with SCD, a high-risk group, do not benefit from free or subsisized malaria prevention and treatment in Cameroon unlike other vulnerable groups which may be due to insufficient evidence to guide policy makers. This study aimed at describing clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of patients with malaria, determining the prevalence of malaria in hospitalized children and in those with SCD and without, compare frequency of presentation of malaria related complications (using clinical and laboratory elements that define severe malaria) between children admitted for malaria with SCD and those without and finally, determing the risk factors for death in children admitted for malaria. METHODS : This was a retrospective analysis of admission records of children age 1 to 18 years with a confirmed malaria diagnosis admitted at the Laquintinie Hospital during January 2015 through December 2018. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics and outcome of malarial infections, stratified by SCD status were studied. Patients with HIV infection, malnutrition, renal failure and discharged against medical advice were excluded from the study. Data were analysed using Epi-info 7 software and analysis done. Chi square test, Odds ratios, CI and student’s t test were used to determine association between variables. Statistical significance was set at p-value ≤0.05. RESULTS : The prevalence of malaria was lower among children with SCD than it was among children without SCD (23.5% vs 44.9%). Similarly, among those with a positive microscopy, the mean parasite density was significantly lower among children with SCD than it was among children without SCD (22,875.6 vs 57,053.6 parasites/ μl with t-value − 3.2, p-value 0.002). The mean hemoglobin concentration was lower in SCD as compared to non SCD (5.7 g/l vs 7.4 g/l, t-value − 12.5, p-value < 0.001). Overall mortality in SCD was 3.4% and malaria was reponsible for 20.4% of these deaths as compared to the 35.4% in non SCD patients. Convulsion and impaired consciousness were significantly lower in SCD group (OR:0.1, CI: 0.1–0.3, p value < 0.01 and OR:0.1, CI:0.1–0.2, p-value < 0.001 respectively). Death was significantly higher in SCD patients with malaria as compared to SCD patients admitted for other pathologies (3.2% vs 1.5%., OR:2.2, CI:1–5, p-value 0.050). CONCLUSION : The SCD population has a lower mortality related to malaria compared to the non-SCD population. Meanwhile, within the SCD population, those admitted with malaria are twice more likely to die than those admitted for other pathologies. Jaundice, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were common in SCD with malaria, however no risk factors for malaria severity or malaria related death was identified.https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.comam2020School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH

Predictors of prolonged length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality in patients aged 1–24 months with acute bronchiolitis in Douala, Cameroon

Abstract Introduction In Cameroon, acute bronchiolitis has been reported as the third commonest lower respiratory infection and is usually associated with low mortality. Nonetheless, respiratory distress associated with non-adherence to management guidelines can prolong hospital stay. This study aimed to explore predictors of prolonged hospital stay (≥ 5 days) and mortality in patients aged < 2years hospitalised for acute bronchiolitis. Methodology We conducted a retrospective cohort study at three paediatric units in the city of Douala, Cameroon. Factors associated with prolonged hospital stay and mortality were determined using multivariable linear regression model. Threshold for significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results A total of 215 patients with bronchiolitis were included with mean age of 6.94 ± 5.71 months and M/F sex ratio of 1.39/1. Prolonged hospital stay was reported in 46.98% and mortality in 10.70% of patients hospitalised for bronchiolitis. Factors independently associated with prolonged hospital duration were oxygen administration [b = 0.36, OR = 2.35 (95% CI:1.16–4.74), p = 0.017], abnormal respiratory rate [b = 0.38, OR = 2.13 (1.00-4.55), p = 0.050] and patients presenting with cough [b = 0.33, OR = 2.35 (95% CI: 1.22–4.51), p = 0.011], and diarrhoea [b = 0.71, OR = 6.44 (95% CI: 1.6-25.86), p = 0.009] on admission. On the other hand, factors independently associated with mortality were age of the patient [b= -0.07, OR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74–0.97), p = 0.014] and oxygen administration [b = 1.08, OR = 9.64 (95% CI:1.16–79.85), p = 0.036] Conclusion Acute bronchiolitis represented 1.24% of admissions and was common in the rainy season, in males and 3–11-month-old patients. Management guidelines were poorly respected. Prolonged length of stay was reported in half of the patients hospitalized and mortality was high, especially in younger patients and in patients receiving oxygen