Model of strong stationary vortex turbulence in space plasmas

Abstract. This paper investigates the macroscopic consequences of nonlinear solitary vortex structures in magnetized space plasmas by developing theoretical model of plasma turbulence. Strongly localized vortex patterns contain trapped particles and, propagating in a medium, excite substantial density fluctuations and thus, intensify the energy, heat and mass transport processes, i.e., such vortices can form strong vortex turbulence. Turbulence is represented as an ensemble of strongly localized (and therefore weakly interacting) vortices. Vortices with various amplitudes are randomly distributed in space (due to collisions). For their description, a statistical approach is applied. It is supposed that a stationary turbulent state is formed by balancing competing effects: spontaneous development of vortices due to nonlinear twisting of the perturbations' fronts, cascading of perturbations into short scales (direct spectral cascade) and collisional or collisionless damping of the perturbations in the short-wave domain. In the inertial range, direct spectral cascade occurs through merging structures via collisions. It is shown that in the magneto-active plasmas, strong turbulence is generally anisotropic Turbulent modes mainly develop in the direction perpendicular to the local magnetic field. It is found that it is the compressibility of the local medium which primarily determines the character of the turbulent spectra: the strong vortex turbulence forms a power spectrum in wave number space. For example, a new spectrum of turbulent fluctuations in k−8/3 is derived which agrees with available experimental data. Within the framework of the developed model particle diffusion processes are also investigated. It is found that the interaction of structures with each other and particles causes anomalous diffusion in the medium. The effective coefficient of diffusion has a square root dependence on the stationary level of noise

Impact of the Zonal Flows on the Relative Short-Scale ULF Electromagnetic Waves in the Shear Flow Driven Ionosphere

Influence of the large-scale zonal flows and magnetic fields on the relative short-scale ULF electromagnetic waves in the dissipative ionosphere in the presence of a smooth inhomogeneous zonal wind (shear flow) is studied. A broad spectrum of Alfvenic-like electromagnetic fluctuations appears from electromagnetic drift turbulence and evidence of the existence of magnetic fluctuations in the shear flow region is shown in the experiments. In present work one possible theoretical explanation of the generation of electromagnetic fluctuations in DW-ZF systems is given. For shear flows, the operators of the linear problem are non-selfconjugate and therefore the eigenfunctions of the problem are non-normal. The non-normality results in linear transient growth with bursts of the perturbations and the mode coupling, which causes the generation of electromagnetic waves from the drift wave–shear flow system. We show that the transient growth substantially exceeds the growth of the classical dissipative trapped-particle instability of the system. Excitation of electromagnetic fluctuations in DW-ZF systems leads to the Attenuation-suppression of the short-scale turbulence

Changeability of surface ozone concentration in Tbilisi in last 30 year

Some results of the statistical analysis of observational data of the average semi-annual and annual values of the surface ozone concentration (SOC) in Tbilisi in the period from 1984 through 2013 are presented. Observational data for 15 hours are given. In the proposed work the analysis of data is carried out with the use of the standard statistical analysis methods of random events and methods of mathematical statistics for the non accidental time-series of observations. The statistical structure of the changeability of the mean annual, half year and monthly values of SOC in Tbilisi for the indicated period of time is investigated. Correlation connection between mean annual, half year and monthly values of SOC is established. The special features of the changeability of average monthly values of SOC on the three ten-year-old periods of time are studied. Trends and random components of time series of mean annual (five order polynomial) and half year (the five order polynomial for cold period and six order polynomial for warm period) values of SOC are eliminate

Global Weather-Forming ULF Electromagnetic Nonlinear Vortex Stuctures in the Shear Flow Driven Ionosphere Plasma

In the present article the dynamics of generation and propagation of These waves are stipulated by spatial inhomogeneous geomagnetic field. The large-scale waves are weakly damped. The waves generate the geomagnetic field from several tens to several hundreds nT and more. It is established, that planetary ULF electromagnetic waves, at their nonlinear interaction with the local shear winds, can self-localize in the form of nonlinear long-lived solitary vortices, moving along the latitude circles westward as well as eastward with velocity, different from phase velocity of corresponding linear waves. The vortex structures transfer the trapped particles of medium and also energy and heat. The nonlinear vortex structures represent can be the structural elements of strong macroturbulence of the ionosphere main drivers of the electromagnetic weather at ionospheric level

Numerical Investigation of the Upper Biologically Acting Turbulent Layer of the Black Sea

As it is known, the Black Sea ecosystem a dramatically changed during the last few decades. Upper mixed layer of the Black Sea, which is biologically active is polluted by many highly toxic substances. They are getting in the Black Sea by inflow of rivers and ground waters. These substances heavily loaded with nutrients containing nitrogen and phosphorus and contaminated with industrial and mining wastes. Anthropogenic eutrophication developed in the Sea a dramatically destroys the marine food chain and living biological organisms. Besides, the oil floods became intensive in last years as sea transportations have significantly increased. It is clear, that the process of transport and evolution of any polluting substance is closely connected to dynamic processes ( circulation, wind-driven turbulence , etc.) Thus the modeling of spreading of the substances with underlying some biochemical transformations are a complex problem, which in turn includes the modeling of marine dynamic processes. In this paper some features of the Black Sea upper mixed layer (UML) are numerically investigated by using 3-D basin-scale model of the Black Sea dynamics (BSM-IG, Tbilisi, Georgia). For this goal this model is functioned with variable coefficients of vertical turbulent eddy viscosity and diffusion (VTV-VTD during) one modelling year. These coefficients as last version of the Pacanovsky -Philande parameterization (PP-P) developed by Bennis are embedded in the model. The Black Sea UML depth variability is estimated by using a well known criteria of temperature Dt-0.2 . Using criteria of temperature the results analysis shows: : On the one hand the mixed layer has physically different configuration and variable depths which is undergoes a significant variability in the inner annual time scale ; on the other hand it is combined to the following results: In wintertime the intense wind-driven turbulence promotes strong mixing. Mixed layer has almost same homogenous structure when above Black sea the strong wind was replaced by weak wind. Besides, it is characterized by the clear tendency to deepen mixed layer depth approach to 26m especially in Georgian water area . In the same time gradient of Richardson numbers at the Sea upper levels varied in the ranges 0 > 1 are in a good agreement according to these strong and weak wind respectively. This result demonstrates that: In wintertime similar alternation of the winds affect and change circulation of the Sea. It in turn in small time does not have the ability to transform the structure of the mixed layer . This result is in direct connection of the thermohaline impact, which plays the additional role to grows UML depth in the Black Sea

Dynamics of the thirty-year moving average values of the air temperature in Tbilisi and St.-Petersburg with 1851 to 2010 and their extrapolation to 2051-2080.

On the basis of 100-years (1907-2006) and 163-years (1850-2012) time-series of observations the analysis of the dynamics of the changeability of the average annual air temperature in Tbilisi and St.- Petersburg was carried out. Prognostic calculations showed that in 2051-2080 the average annual air temperature in Tbilisi is expected 14.0±0.4 ºС (ARIMA) and 14.8±1.4 ºС (EXPERTMODELER) against 13.7 ºС in 1981-2010, while in St.-Petersburg - 6.4±0.4 ºС (ARIMA) and 8.6±4.0 ºС (EXPERTMODELER) against 5.8 ºС in 1981-2010. The comparative analysis of the indicated results with the obtained earlier prognostic estimations of the air temperature in Tbilisi, St.-Petersburg, and also its mean global values is carried ou

Tourism climate index in the coastal and mountain locality of Adjara, Georgia

The determination of the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) to four coastal and mountain localities of the Adjarian Autonomous Republic (known tourist and health resort region of Georgia) is carried out (Batumi, capital of the Adjarian Autonomous Republic: 9 m a. s. l.; Kobuleti: 3 m a. s. l., distance from Batumi - 23 km along the coast of the Black sea; Khulo: 921 m a. s. l., distance from Batumi - 56 km; Goderdzi: 2025 m a. s. l., distance from Batumi - 73 km ). For the indicated localities the monthly average values of TCI in the period from 1961 through 2010 are calculated. The contrast of TCI values in dependence on area relief is revealed. The special features of the variability of TCI values during this period of time in connection with climate changeability are studied. The most favorable from the point of view of the bioclimatic characteristics of a locality for the development of different forms of tourism periods of the year are determined (Sun & Beach Tourism, Eco Tourism, Birdwatching, Sport Tourism, Rural Tourism, Cruise Tourism, Wine Tourism, Ski & Mountain Resorts, MICE Tourism, Gambling Tourism, etc

Generation of Zonal Flow and Magnetic Field by Planetary Waves in the Earth's Ionosphere

Abstract Possibility of generation of large-scale sheared zonal flow and magnetic field by coupled under the typical ionospheric conditions short-scale planetary low-frequency waves is shown. Propagation of coupled internal-gravity-Alfven, Rossby-Khantadze, Rossby-Alfven-Khantadze and collision-less electron skin depth order drift-Alfven waves is revealed and investigated in detail. To describe the nonlinear interaction of such coupled waves with sheared zonal flow the corresponding nonlinear equations are deduced. The instability mechanism is based on the nonlinear parametric triple interaction of the finite amplitude short-scale planetary waves leading to the inverse energy cascade toward the longer wavelengths. It is shown that under such interaction intense sheared magnetic fields can be generated. Appropriate growth rates are discussed in detail

დიდმასშტაბიანი ზონალური დინებების გენერაცია დამაგნიტებული როსბის ტალღებით წანაცვლებითი დინებებით მართულ იონოსფეროში დისიპაციურ იონოსფეროში

ნაშრომი ეძღვნება ზონალური დინებების გენერაციის თეორიული აღწერის ამოცანას წანაცვლებითი დინებებით მართულ ტურბულენტურ იონოსფეროში. მიღებულია ჩარნი-ობუხოვის ტიპის განზოგადოებული განტოლება, რომელიც აღწერს ხუთი განსხვავებული მასშტაბების მქონე მოდების არაწრფივ ურთიერთქმედებას: პირველადი, შედარებით მოკლეტალღოვანი ულტრა დაბალი სიხშირის (უდს) დამაგნიტებული როსბის ტალღის, მისი ორი სატელიტის, გრძელტალღოვანი ზონალური დინების და დიდმაშტაბიანი ფონური წანაცვლებითი დინების (არაერთგვაროვანი ქარი). გამოკვლეულია არაწრფივი ეფექტების (ვექტორული, სკალარული) გავლენა დიდმასშტაბიანი ზონალური დინებების ფორმირებაზე სასრული ამპლიტუდის დამაგნიტებული როსბის ტალღებით დისიპაციურ იონოსფეროში. გამოყენებულია მოდიფიცირებული პარამეტრული მიდგომა. შეშფოთებათა ამპლიტუდებისათვის შესაბამის განტოლებათა სისტემის თეორიული ანალიზის საფუძველზე (საკუთარ რიცხვებზე განზოგადოებული ამოცანა) გამოვლენილია შედარებით მცირემასშტაბიანი უდს დამაგნიტებული როსბის ტალღებისა და ფინური წანაცვლებითი დინების დიდმასშტაბიან ზონალურ დინებებში ენერგიის გადაქაჩვის და ხუთი ტალღისგან შემდგარი კოლექტიური აქტივობის არაწრფივი ორგანიზაციის ახალი თავისებურებები იონოსფერულ გარემოში. ზონალური დინების გენერაცია განპირობებულია სასრული ამპლიტუდის დამაგნიტებული ღოსბის ტალღის რეინოლდსის ძაბვით და ფონური დინების ზემოქმედები

გულ-სისხლძარღვთა დაავადებით სიკვდილიანობის ყოველთვიური ვარიაციები თბილისში

ნაშრომში წარმოდგენილია ქ. თბილისში გულ-სისხლძარღვთა დაავადებით საშუალო ყოველთვიური სიკვდილიანობის სტატისტიკური ანალიზის შედეგები 1980-1992 და 2012-2013 წლებში. განსაზღვრულია ცვლადი+ფონი და სიკვდილიანობის დროითი რიგის შემთხვევითი კომპონენტები. ცვლადი+ფონი კომპონენტის საშუალო მნიშვნელობის წილი სიკვდილიანობის მაჩვენებელში შეადგენს 68,4% (1980-1992 წწ.) და 73,4% (2012-2013 წწ.); შემთხვევითი კომპონენტის ცვლილება და მისი წვლილი სიკვდილიანობის რეალურ მნიშვნელობაში - 31,6% (1980-1992 წწ.), 26,6% (2012-2013 წწ.), ჰაერის ტემპერატურის გარდა შეიძლება დამოკიდებული იყოს მრავალ მეტეოროლოგიურ, გეოფიზიკურ, სოციალურ და სხვა ფაქტორზე. შემოთავაზებულია გულ-სისხლ-ძარღვთა დაავადებით სიკვდილიანობის სკალა, რომელიც შედგება ექვსი დონისგან. წელიწადის სხვადასხვა თვისთვის სიკვდილიანობის აღნიშნული დონეები განსხვავებული