Assessment of the Quality of coffee parchments in Southern Highlands of Tanzania: A case of Mbozi District in Songwe Region

It’s unfortunate that even a single defective of a coffee bean can contribute to affect the receptive-lot of coffee. Coffee parchments or beans with high quality fetches high price in the world market. The study aimed at assessing the quality of coffee parchments along the post-harvest stages. Main focus was on improvement of post-harvest practices for coffee quality of coffee from farm level and to the processing under supervision of primary societies. The study involved coffee farmers in 6 Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives Societies (AMCOS). Questionnaire, check list tools and physical observation were used for data collection. The result indicates that coffee farmers in Tanzania failed to fetch a good price from their produce due to low grades and classes of coffee parchments. Low grades and classes were observed to be attributed by application of poor practices along the coffee value chain. Our study suggests that, coffee stakeholders and the government should support the development of coffee sector along the value chain by up-scaling of good practices. Keywords: Coffee Quality; Red-Cherries and Parchments, Mbozi Tanzani

Water use by Eucalypt Clones Growing at Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania

A study was carried out between April and October 2014 to investigate the amount of water used by Eucalypt clones grown at Kongowe, Tanzania. Sap flow sensors using heat pulse velocity were deployed across GC 167, GC 15 and GC 940 in wet and dry seasons. Data on water use were analysed using sap flow software. ANOVA was used to compare daily water use between clones and DMRT was used to separate means of daily water use between clones. Correlation was carried out to determine the influence of temperature on water use. Results revealed that GC 167, GC 15 and GC 940 had an average water use of 14, 7 and 5 L day-1 respectively in the wet season. During the dry season, water use of 11, 9 and 8 L day-1 was recorded for GC167, GC15 and GC940 respectively. Results further showed a strong positive correlation between daily tree water use and temperature. It is concluded that clone GC167 used high amount of water than GC15 and GC940 in the wet season as well as in dry season. It is important to identify where the studied clones should be placed in the landscape to produce the best environmental outcomes

Growth Performance of Eucalypt Clones in Tanzania

Abstract A research study was conducted to assess the growth performance of Eucalypt clones in Tanzania. Eucalypt clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis (GC), E. grandis x E. urophylla (GU), E. grandis x E. tereticornis (GT) were established in Lushoto, Kwamarukanga, Kibaha and Tabora sites. Survival, Diameter at breast height, height and biomass were collected while volume and basal area were evaluated. All assessed variable were subjected to ANOVA. Significant (p<0.05) clonal difference in survival, Dbh, height, basal area, volume and biomass between clones was observed. Survival was >90% in Lushoto and Kwamarukanga sites where as the other sites showed intermediate and low survival. Clones at Lushoto site had highest Dbh, height, basal area, volume, Mean annual increment and biomass followed by clones at Kwamarukanga, Kibaha and Tabora sites. It was concluded that at 8 year old Eucalypt clones showed good survival and growth needed for various uses. This study recommended that GC581, GC584 and GU608 are better for Lushoto, GC15, GC167 and GC940 for Kibaha, GC514, GT529 and GC940 for Kwamarukanga and GC15, GC584 and GC940 for Tabora. The outstanding clones are recommended for planting in areas with climatic conditions similar to the sites where they were tested

Effect of Spacing Regimes on Growth, Yield, and Wood Properties of Tectona grandis at Longuza Forest Plantation, Tanzania

This study examined the effects of planting spacing on growth, yield, and wood properties of teak planted at square spacing regimes of 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m at Longuza Forest Plantation, Tanzania. To achieve this, tree, stand, and wood properties were studied at age of 14 years. Results showed that diameter at breast height and total height increased with increasing spacing. Mean annual increment increased significantly with increasing spacing while spacing did not have significant effect on total volume production and basal area. Basic density is also not affected by spacing while heartwood proportion increases as planting spacing increases. All studied wood properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression strength tangential to grain, and shear tangential to the grain) except cleavage tangential to grain were not significantly affected by increasing spacing. It is recommended to use the spacing of 3 × 3 m, but if thinning can be done before onset of competition at 5 years, the currently used spacing of 2.5 × 2.5 m can still be used. However, the use of a spacing of 4 × 4 m can give at least 50% heartwood at shorter rotation age of 30 years

Survival, growth, stem form and wood basic density of five Pinus Merkusii provenances at Buhindi, Mwanza, Tanzania

Silvae Genetica 47, 2–3 (1998)The performance of 16 Pinus oocarpa (including 5 now reclassified as Pinus patula spp. tecunumanii) provenances at Buhindi Mwanza, Tanzania: is evaluated in terms of survival, height growth, breast height diameter, basal area per ha, wood basic density and stem form. The final assessment was carried out at the age of 22 years. The main results of the study were: – Before angular transformation, survival varied from 77% (Rafael, Nicaragua) to 56% (Conacaste, Guatemala). However no significant difference (P >0.05) in survival was detected after such transformation. – Height growth showed significant differences (P< 0.05) at all ages. At 22 years the outstanding provenances were Siguatepeque (Honduras), Rafael (Nicaragua), and Zamorano (Honduras). Least height growth was shown by Bonete (Nicaragua) provenance. – Significant differences (P< 0.05) were detected in breast height diameter. Outstanding provenances were Yucul, Camelias (Nicaragua) and Mt. Pine Ridge-K49 (Belize). Least performers were Zamorano (Honduras) and Lagulnilla (Guatemala) provenances. – Significant differences (P< 0.05) were detected in basal area per ha development. The Bucaral (Guatemala) provenance was outstanding while least basal area development was recorded in the Conacaste, Lagunilla (Guatemala) and Siguatepeque (Honduras) provenances. – The Bucaral (Guatemala) provenance was significantly superior (P< 0.05) in wood basic density. Least wood basic density values were recorded from Camelias, Yucul, Rafael, Junquillo (Nicaragua), Angeles (Honduras) and the Lagumilla (Guatemala) provenances. – No significant differences (P >0.05) in stem form were observed. It is suggested that the 5 Pinus patula SCHIEDE and DEPPE ssp. tecunumanii (EQUILUZ and PERRY) provenances are likely candidates for species diversification in the Lake Victoria zone where the main plantation species is Pinus caribaea. However, noting that more than half of the natural distribution of P. oocarpa occurs outside central America, more provenances need to be tested to cover that extended range. Similarly, the sparse sampling of P. patula ssp. tecunumanii also needs additional representation. Restricting the results of this study to Pinus oocarpa, provenance ranking in diminishing order of performance gives: Bucaral (Guatemala), Zapotillo, Zamorano (Honduras), Chuacus (Guatemala), Siguatepeque (Honduras), Bonete, Junquillo (Nicaragua), Conacaste (Guatemala), Angeles (Honduras) and San Jose (Guatemala); and Lagunilla (Guatemala). In descending order of performance, suitable Pinus patula ssp. tecunumanii provenances are Mt. Pine Ridge (K49), Mt. Pine Ridge (K29), Rafael, Yucul and Camelias (Nicaragua)

Survival, growth, stem form and wood basic density of five Pinus Merkusii provenances at Buhindi, Mwanza, Tanzania

Silvae Genetica 47, 2–3 (1998)The performance of 16 Pinus oocarpa (including 5 now reclassified as Pinus patula spp. tecunumanii) provenances at Buhindi Mwanza, Tanzania: is evaluated in terms of survival, height growth, breast height diameter, basal area per ha, wood basic density and stem form. The final assessment was carried out at the age of 22 years. The main results of the study were: – Before angular transformation, survival varied from 77% (Rafael, Nicaragua) to 56% (Conacaste, Guatemala). However no significant difference (P >0.05) in survival was detected after such transformation. – Height growth showed significant differences (P< 0.05) at all ages. At 22 years the outstanding provenances were Siguatepeque (Honduras), Rafael (Nicaragua), and Zamorano (Honduras). Least height growth was shown by Bonete (Nicaragua) provenance. – Significant differences (P< 0.05) were detected in breast height diameter. Outstanding provenances were Yucul, Camelias (Nicaragua) and Mt. Pine Ridge-K49 (Belize). Least performers were Zamorano (Honduras) and Lagulnilla (Guatemala) provenances. – Significant differences (P< 0.05) were detected in basal area per ha development. The Bucaral (Guatemala) provenance was outstanding while least basal area development was recorded in the Conacaste, Lagunilla (Guatemala) and Siguatepeque (Honduras) provenances. – The Bucaral (Guatemala) provenance was significantly superior (P< 0.05) in wood basic density. Least wood basic density values were recorded from Camelias, Yucul, Rafael, Junquillo (Nicaragua), Angeles (Honduras) and the Lagumilla (Guatemala) provenances. – No significant differences (P >0.05) in stem form were observed. It is suggested that the 5 Pinus patula SCHIEDE and DEPPE ssp. tecunumanii (EQUILUZ and PERRY) provenances are likely candidates for species diversification in the Lake Victoria zone where the main plantation species is Pinus caribaea. However, noting that more than half of the natural distribution of P. oocarpa occurs outside central America, more provenances need to be tested to cover that extended range. Similarly, the sparse sampling of P. patula ssp. tecunumanii also needs additional representation. Restricting the results of this study to Pinus oocarpa, provenance ranking in diminishing order of performance gives: Bucaral (Guatemala), Zapotillo, Zamorano (Honduras), Chuacus (Guatemala), Siguatepeque (Honduras), Bonete, Junquillo (Nicaragua), Conacaste (Guatemala), Angeles (Honduras) and San Jose (Guatemala); and Lagunilla (Guatemala). In descending order of performance, suitable Pinus patula ssp. tecunumanii provenances are Mt. Pine Ridge (K49), Mt. Pine Ridge (K29), Rafael, Yucul and Camelias (Nicaragua)

Effect of spacing on performance of teak at Longuza, Tanga, Tanzania

Forest Research Institute Malaysia is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Tropical Forest ScienceThe performance of teak ( Tectona grandis ) planted at four square spacings ( 1 .5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 m) at Longuza, Tanga, in Tanzania was assessed. The variables studied were diameter at breast height (dbh) , total height and height to the first live branch, survival, number of branches, basal area and volume production at ages 1, 3, 7 and 9 y, and basic density and some strength properties at the age of 1 4 y. Results showed that dbh, number of branches, total height, basal area, basic density and some strength properties were significantly affected by spacing (p = 0.05). The diameter at breast height and number of branches increased with increasing spacing, while basal area decreased. All other variables were not significantly affected by spacing. A spacing of 3.0 m resulted in large diameter trees and later thinnings, with less total volume per hectare. The current spacing of 2 m resulted in higher volume per hectare of small sized trees which could be improved by thinning. It is recommended to continue with this spacing and the current thinning schedule until information on the economic implications of alternative regimes is available

Survival, growth and wood density of Pinus Kesiya provenances at Buhindi, Mwanza, Tanzania

Journal of Tropical Forest Science, Vol. 11, No. 2 (April 1999), pp. 401-409he objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of 13 Pinus hesiya provenances at Buhindi, Mwanza, Tanzania. Periodic data were collected on survival, breast height diameter and height. A final assessment was carried out at 18.3 y for survival, breast height diameter, height, stem form and basic density. Except for wood basic density, all other variables differed significantly (p<0.05) between provenances. The following provenances with satisfactory performance are recommended for small-scale planting at Buhindi: Benguet Kabayan and Zambale

Effect of spacing on performance of teak at Longuza, Tanga, Tanzania

Forest Research Institute Malaysia is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Tropical Forest ScienceThe performance of teak ( Tectona grandis ) planted at four square spacings ( 1 .5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 m) at Longuza, Tanga, in Tanzania was assessed. The variables studied were diameter at breast height (dbh) , total height and height to the first live branch, survival, number of branches, basal area and volume production at ages 1, 3, 7 and 9 y, and basic density and some strength properties at the age of 1 4 y. Results showed that dbh, number of branches, total height, basal area, basic density and some strength properties were significantly affected by spacing (p = 0.05). The diameter at breast height and number of branches increased with increasing spacing, while basal area decreased. All other variables were not significantly affected by spacing. A spacing of 3.0 m resulted in large diameter trees and later thinnings, with less total volume per hectare. The current spacing of 2 m resulted in higher volume per hectare of small sized trees which could be improved by thinning. It is recommended to continue with this spacing and the current thinning schedule until information on the economic implications of alternative regimes is available

Survival, growth and wood density of Pinus Kesiya provenances at Buhindi, Mwanza, Tanzania

Journal of Tropical Forest Science, Vol. 11, No. 2 (April 1999), pp. 401-409he objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of 13 Pinus hesiya provenances at Buhindi, Mwanza, Tanzania. Periodic data were collected on survival, breast height diameter and height. A final assessment was carried out at 18.3 y for survival, breast height diameter, height, stem form and basic density. Except for wood basic density, all other variables differed significantly (p<0.05) between provenances. The following provenances with satisfactory performance are recommended for small-scale planting at Buhindi: Benguet Kabayan and Zambale