Human Pathogenic Mycotoxins: Current Research and Emerging Trends

Fish utilization has been growing worldwide, primarily due to the availability, access, and price in relevance different style of meat consumption, such as grouse, pork, and poultry. Therefore, some problems begin to return back forward, primarily regarding the quality of fish on the market among the market. Fish health management is one all told the foremost vital problems among the assembly of cultivation species. Associate in nursing integer of studies has been conducted to acknowledge new procedures for reducing health problem of usually farmed species. Residues may be gift in any product of animal origin reason cost-effective losses and putt into a hazard human and animal welfare. Foodstuff contamination by mycotoxins may be a risk to human and animal health, and its in command of vital economic losses. Scenery phytotoxin laws are a flowery activity that involves interested parties and several other factors, each of a scientific and socio-economic nature might influence the institution of plant toxin limits and rules. The many countries had developed definite limits for mycotoxins in foodstuffs and feedstuffs, and therefore the number persists to grow, but the residual acceptable of mycotoxins within the fish remains nonexistent. Poison formation in agriculture foodstuffs happens in hot and wet weather, and inadequate or deficient storage facilities. In recent years, aflatoxins (AFs) and its environmental effects area unit mentioned in cultivation. This review is concentrated on effects of AFs in development

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Objective: The current study was projected to prepare a losartan potassium gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) of floating tablets was planned to enhance the gastric residence time, thus prolong the drug release.Methods: Effervescent floating matrix tablets of losartan potassium were prepared by direct compression technique using polymers like HPMC k4m, guar gum, and gum karaya, with lubricants magnesium stearate and talc. In the present study, sodium bicarbonate was incorporated as a gas generating agent. Total nine formulations were designed and evaluated for pre-compression parameters known as the angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner's ratio, compressibility index, and post-compression parameters are uniformity of weight, hardness, and drug content percentage, variability, in vitro buoyancy, dissolution studies, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Results: An in vitro dissolution study was carried out by using buffer pH 1.2. From in vitro dissolution studies, it has been found that an increase in polymer concentration diminishes the drug release profile. The in vitro drug release percentage from F4-F9 formulations ranged from 60.28%-98.66% at the closing of 12 h and buoyancy found over 12 h.Conclusion: The in vitro drug release from F1-F3 and F7-F9 followed zero-order, F4 followed Higuchi order, F5 and F6 followed Hixon-Crowell release kinetics. The drug release mechanism was set up to be F1-F8 non-Fickian (anomalous behavior) and F9 having Fickian diffusion type

CADMIUM CHLORIDE INDUCED CHANGES IN PROTEIN MOLECULES OF THE FRESHWATER FISH CIRRHINUS MRIGALA (HAMILTON)

Abstract                       The fresh water fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) was exposed to the heavy metal Cadmium chloride for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and the consequential LC50 values were calculated using Finney's probit analysis. The LC50 values obtained for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 317.5, 316.5, 316.0 and 315.5 respectively. Later the fish were exposed to 96 h acute lethal and sub-lethal concentrations and the changes in protein subunits were analyzed in the tissue of the vital organs such as brain, liver, muscle, gill and kidney using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The results revealed that among the protein molecules some became faded when compared to control fish protein molecules, whereas some protein bands disappeared. The analysis was made with the help of standard protein marker. The changes are more pronounced in the tissue of liver and muscle, which may be due to the involvement of liver in the detoxification mechanism. Whereas in case of muscle the changes in the protein banding pattern may be due to the consumption of energy through erratic movement caused due to the toxicant stress. It was also observed that the changes in kidney protein molecules is also more and this may be  due to the accumulation of cadmium chloride in kidney tissue. The results obtained were discussed at length with the available literature. Key words: Cadmium chloride, Cirrhinus mrigala, Protein molecules, Liver, LC50 and        SDS-PAGE

Tissue is the issue-sarcoidosis following ABVD chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report

Thirty two year old Caucasian female presented 2 months post partum with fevers, cough and shortness of breath. CT scan of the chest to rule out pulmonary embolism revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the nodes revealed classic Hodgkin's lymphoma and she received ABVD chemotherapy. She was in remission as confirmed by a PET/CT scan. Five months later she had another PET/CT scan which showed areas of hypermetabolism indicating a possible relapse. Biopsy revealed sarcoidosis. She received steroids and 18 months later remained in clinical remission. This rare case of sarcoid following classic Hodgkin's lymphoma illustrates that clinical presentation, physical exam, lab investigations and even PET/CT scans may not be able to discriminate between Hodgkin's lymphoma and sarcoidosis. Tissue biopsy and pathological diagnosis remain the gold standard

DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE WATER OF PADDY FIELDS OF PRAKASAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

Organochlorine (OC) pesticide residues in pooled water of paddy field samples of Prakasam District have been investigated to find out the extent of pesticide contamination and accumulation. Collected Water samples were processed using a liquid-liquid extraction followed by Gas-Chromatographic technique for pesticide residue quantification with mass selective detector (GC-MS). The conditions were followed for GC, Column: HP-5MS

Efficient Allocation of Power Resource in OFDMA Systems with Diverse Modulation Techniques

ABSTRACT: Of late there is an utmost need for providing higher data rate and better Quality of Service(QoS) for ever increasing number of users in wireless communication systems. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the leading candidates for future wireless communication systems. This paper gives a brief introduction about OFDMA and discusses in depth about allocation of power resource to all the active users present in a cellular network in an optimum way using the Load Matrix approach. Load Matrix approach is used to calculate the average interference within the cells based on RoT (Rise over Thermal noise) and distribute minimum required SINR to each user thereby enhancing the Quality of Service (QoS) of the network. The approach is first experimented on a single carrier communication system and then it is extended to multi-carrier systems. This paper also deals with the performance of a communication link in terms of BER for various digital modulation techniques. From simulations it is observed that performance of QAM is better than QPSK in systems implementing OFDMA

Src Dependent Pancreatic Acinar Injury Can Be Initiated Independent of an Increase in Cytosolic Calcium

Several deleterious intra-acinar phenomena are simultaneously triggered on initiating acute pancreatitis. These culminate in acinar injury or inflammatory mediator generation in vitro and parenchymal damage in vivo. Supraphysiologic caerulein is one such initiator which simultaneously activates numerous signaling pathways including non-receptor tyrosine kinases such as of the Src family. It also causes a sustained increase in cytosolic calcium- a player thought to be crucial in regulating deleterious phenomena. We have shown Src to be involved in caerulein induced actin remodeling, and caerulein induced changes in the Golgi and post-Golgi trafficking to be involved in trypsinogen activation, which initiates acinar cell injury. However, it remains unclear whether an increase in cytosolic calcium is necessary to initiate acinar injury or if injury can be initiated at basal cytosolic calcium levels by an alternate pathway. To study the interplay between tyrosine kinase signaling and calcium, we treated mouse pancreatic acinar cells with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate. We studied the effect of the clinically used Src inhibitor Dasatinib (BMS-354825) on pervanadate or caerulein induced changes in Src activation, trypsinogen activation, cell injury, upstream cytosolic calcium, actin and Golgi morphology. Pervanadate, like supraphysiologic caerulein, induced Src activation, redistribution of the F-actin from its normal location in the sub-apical area to the basolateral areas, and caused antegrade fragmentation of the Golgi. These changes, like those induced by supraphysiologic caerulein, were associated with trypsinogen activation and acinar injury, all of which were prevented by Dasatinib. Interestingly, however, pervanadate did not cause an increase in cytosolic calcium, and the caerulein induced increase in cytosolic calcium was not affected by Dasatinib. These findings suggest that intra-acinar deleterious phenomena may be initiated independent of an increase in cytosolic calcium. Other players resulting in acinar injury along with the Src family of tyrosine kinases remain to be explored. © 2013 Mishra et al

Feasibility study of multidisciplinary oncology rounds by videoconference for surgeons in remote locales

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of using videoconferencing to involve community-based surgeons in interactive, multidisciplinary oncology rounds so they may benefit from the type of community of practice that is usually only available in academic cancer centres. METHODS: An existing videoconference service provider with sites across Ontario was chosen and the series was accredited. Indirect needs assessment involved examining responses to a previously conducted survey of provincial surgeons; interviewing three cancer surgeons from different regions of Ontario; and by analyzing an online portfolio of self-directed learning projects. Direct needs assessment involved a survey of surgeons at videoconference-enabled sites. A surgical, medical and radiation oncologist plus a facilitator were scheduled to guide discussion for each session. A patient scenario developed by the discussants was distributed to participants one week prior to each session. RESULTS: Direct and indirect needs assessment confirmed that breast cancer and colorectal cancer topics were of greatest importance to community surgeons. Six one-hour sessions were offered (two breast, two colorectal, one gynecologic and one lung cancer). A median of 22 physicians and a median of eight sites participated in each session. The majority of respondents were satisfied with the videoconference format, presenters and content. Many noted that discussion prompted reflection on practice and that current practice would change. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated that it is possible to engage remote surgeons in multidisciplinary oncology rounds by videoconference. Continued assessment of videoconferencing is warranted but further research is required to develop frameworks by which to evaluate the benefits of telehealth initiatives

Outcomes of Operatively Treated Acute Knee Dislocations

Knee dislocation is a complex and rare injury often presenting in the context of high velocity trauma. The aim of this study is to establish the subjective outcomes of surgically treated knee dislocations. A total of 20 knees dislocations treated by open repair were reviewed. Their progress and outcomes were assessed by using a modified Lysholm score questionnaire. Data was obtained on patient demographics, details of injury, investigation, treatment, rehabilitation, 24 months objective outcome and subjective outcomes. Six patients had a vascular deficit and six had neurological deficits. The median range of motion was 0°-100°. Patients with an initially lower pre-injury level of function were able to return an activity level comparable to their pre-injury status. 22% of competitive athletes retuned to competitive sports. 38% of patients undertaking heavy activity returned to comparable pre-injury level of activity and 67% of patients undertaking moderate level of activity before injury returned to a comparable level after repair. 68% regularly had problems running, 70% problem squatting, 40% swelling and 42% problem with stairs. Most patients however did not have locking of the knee or problems with knees giving way. Patients pain scores decreased over time to an acceptable level. Despite the severity of the injury, majority of patients achieved a satisfactory outcome, although none of the patients reached the same level of function as before the injury. 80% of the patients were satisfied with their outcome. All dissatisfied patients suffered postoperative complications

The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Measurement of the BAO and growth rate of structure of the emission line galaxy sample from the anisotropic power spectrum between redshift 0.6 and 1.1

We analyse the large-scale clustering in Fourier space of emission line galaxies (ELG) from the Data Release 16 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. The ELG sample contains 173 736 galaxies covering 1170 deg^{2} in the redshift range 0.6 < z < 1.1. We perform a BAO measurement from the post-reconstruction power spectrum monopole, and study redshift space distortions (RSD) in the first three even multipoles. Photometric variations yield fluctuations of both the angular and radial survey selection functions. Those are directly inferred from data, imposing integral constraints which we model consistently. The full data set has only a weak preference for a BAO feature (1.4σ). At the effective redshift z_{eff} = 0.845 we measure D_{V}(z_{eff})/r_{drag}=18.33\tfrac{+0.57}{−0.62⁠},with DV the volume-averaged distance and r_{drag} the comoving sound horizon at the drag epoch. In combination with the RSD measurement, at z_{eff} = 0.85 we find fσ_{8}(z_{eff})=0.289\tfrac{+0.085}{−0.096⁠}, with f the growth rate of structure and σ_{8} the normalization of the linear power spectrum, D_{H}(z_{eff})/r_{drag} = 20.0\tfrac{2.4}{-2.2} and D_{M}(z_[eff})/r_{drag} = 19.17 ± 0.99 with D_{H} and D_{M} the Hubble and comoving angular distances, respectively. These results are in agreement with those obtained in configuration space, thus allowing a consensus measurement of fσ_{8}(z_{eff}) = 0.315 ± 0.095, D_{H}(z_{eff})/r_{drag} = 19.6\tfrac{+2.2}{−2.1} and D_{M}(z_{eff})/r_{drag} = 19.5 ± 1.0. This measurement is consistent with a flat ΛCDM model with Planck parameters